Revolution and Dictatorship 18101852

1
Revolution and Dictatorship 1810-1852
2
The Wars of Independence, 1810-1820

• Three phases
• 1810-1811, loss of Upper Peru, Paraguay, and the
  Plates east bank
  
• 1812-1816, civil war and caudillismo
• 1816-1820, temporary truce, resumption of war and
  the capturing of Buenos Aires by Federalists
  

3
Buenos Aires vs. InteriorUnitarians vs.
Federalists

• Provinces did not support the revolution, began
  mobilizing forces
  
• Buenos Aires sent troops to Cordoba, Upper Peru,
  and Paraguay to silence the uprising.
  
• Junta was defeated in Upper Peru after a
  short-lived victory
  
• Wars caused political and economic breakdown of
  the interior.
  
• Unitarian forces led by Miguel Belgrano were
  defeated in Paraguay.
  
• Buenos Aires lost Upper Peru, Paraguay, and
  Potosi
  
• Triumvirate established in Buenos Aires to
  strengthen central government
  
• Constitutional monarchy

4

• Congress met in 1810, declared United Provinces
  of River Plate
  
• Reforms did not end problems with the provinces
• Second triumvirate replaced by governor in BA
• BA defeated the Spanish at Montevideo
• Artigas took back Montevideo, set up the Eastern
  State, and unified the provinces.
  
• United Provinces of the River Plate declared its
  independence on July 9th, 1816 at the second
  meeting of Congress.
  
• Caudillos from each province united to defeat
  Buenos Aires temporarily (1820)
  
• Collapsed in 1821 after internal feuding
• Emergence of Bernardino Rivadavia

5
The Age of Rivadavia, 1820-1829

• Expansion of ranching to the south and west
• Rivadavia believed in centralizing power, and
  brought many reforms
  
• Law of Emphyteusis (1826)- Indian lands belonged
  to the government and were rented to farmers
  
• Wanted to reduce duties on trade by taxing the
  farmers, but it failed.
  
• Britain signed the Treaty of Friendship,
  Navigation, and Commerce with the United
  Provinces.
  
• Constitution of 1826-ended the constitutional
  monarchy and set up a republic, similar to the
  United States
  
• Many provincial rights were removed
• Rivadavia elected president

6

• Rivadavia failed to defeat Brazilians on the East
  Bank
  
• Brazil blockaded Buenos Aires
• Provinces united against Rivadavia, who resigned
  in 1827
  
• Argentine Confederation was formed under
  Rivadavias successor, Manuel Dorrego
  
• Declared provincial autonomy
• Ended Constitution
• Uruguay arose from East Bank
• Federalist General Juan Manuel de Rosas rose to
  power in BA
  
• Given dictatorial powers

7
The Restorer of the Laws

• Huge increase in rural spending, such as
  ranching.
  
• Rosas did not tolerate opposition to his regime.
• Commercial recovery
• Import trade diversified with more countries
  bringing goods
  
• Ended emphyteusis
• Strengthened Buenos Aires above the provinces

8

• Rosas attempted to regulate trade between France
  and Uruguay
  
• Failed, French blockaded Buenos Aires
• Civil war broke out against Rosas
• He defeated all enemies and established himself
  as the supreme military dictator.
  
• Closed the Parana River for trading
• Defeated the British and French
• Justo Jose de Urquiza mobilized the rebellion and
  defeated Rosas.
  

9
Consequences

• Several provinces were ravaged by the wars
• Decline in trade
• Lack of economic diversification caused by
  blockades
  
• Revival of Unitarianism and national unity
• Population growth