Iodine Nutrition in the United States

1
Iodine Nutrition in the United States

• William H. Dietz, MD, PhD
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Director, Division of Nutrition and Physical
  Activity

2
The Full Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Goiter
Reduced intellectual performance
3
The Full Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency
Goiter
Cretinism
Reduced intellectual performance
4
The Full Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Goiter
Reduced intellectual performance
5
The network of connections are less dense
Iodine Sufficient Brain
Iodine Deficient Brain
Source From Legrand, 1967.
6
Incidence of simple goiter among mendrafted for
service in the US Army during World War 1
7
Iodized Salt in the US

• Morton develops iodized salt to help prevent
  goiters, which were common at the time. The Food
  and Drug Administration later requests that the
  product be labeled with the message,
• "This salt provides iodide, a necessary
  nutrient."

1924
8
Salt Iodization in the US Trend in Goiter
Prevalence in Michigan
WHO Monograph Series No. 44
9
Iodine Supply to the Population
Table Salt
Wholesale Retail Traders
Customers (Household)
Salt Production
Individual Iodine Status
Salt for Food Industry
10
Iodine Supply to the Population
Table Salt
Wholesale Retail Traders
Customers (Household)
Salt Production
Individual Iodine Status
Salt for Food Industry
Other Iodine Sources Dairy Meat products Red Food
Dye Bread
11
Trend in Iodine Nutrition in the US
12
Iodine Supply to the Population
Table Salt
Wholesale Retail Traders
Customers (Household)
Salt Production
Individual Iodine Status
Salt for Food Industry
Other Iodine Sources Dairy Meat products Red
Food Dye Bread
13
Monitoring the Impact of IDD Elimination Overseas

• International Micronutrient Malnutrition
  Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) program working
  with UNICEF/WHO/USAID and national Governments in
  a number of countries
• Building capacity to obtain baseline data and
  establish monitoring systems for process and
  impact indicators for USI and iodine nutrition
• International Reference Laboratories for Iodine
  (IRLI) network in formation

14
Iodine Supply to the Population
Table Salt
Wholesale Retail Traders
Customers (Household)
Salt Production
Individual Iodine Status
Salt for Food Industry
Impact Monitoring
Process Monitoring
15
(No Transcript)