Semicolons and Colons

1
Semicolons and Colons

• Semicolons join equals
• colons introduce.

2
What is a semicolon?

• A semicolon is a mark of punctuation to link
  independent clauses.
• It indicates a closer relationship between the
  clauses than a period does.
• A semicolon is stronger than a comma, but weaker
  than a period.

Are semicolons like equal signs?
3
Where can we use semicolons?

• We often separate two independent ideas with a
  period.
• For example Grandma stays up too late. Shes
  afraid shes going to miss something.

Do grandmas sometimes bend the rules?
4
Are commas like semicolons?

• Sometimes we try to use commas to link related
  ideas
• Grandma stays up too late, shes afraid shes
  going to miss something.
• We joined independent ideas with a comma
• A COMMA SPLICE!

What did this grandma missthe toilet?
5
Are commas less than semicolons?

• Can we help the comma out with a coordinator?
• Grandma is afraid she will miss something, so she
  stays up too late.
• Yes, the so fixes the problem.

Do we want to trust grandmas?
6
Are there options to semicolons?

• Can we subordinate one of the ideas?
• Grandma stays up too late because shes afraid
  shes going to miss something.
• Yes, because hooks the ideas up, too.

Has grandpa been subordinated?
7
Can we join clauses with semicolons?

• Can semicolons join related ideas?
• Grandma is afraid she will miss something she
  stays up too late.
• Semicolons dont use conjunctions like but or
  so.

Grandparents have check lists are they the same
as checklists?
8
Can we support semicolons?

• We can support semicolons with conjunctive
  adverbs
• however
• moreover
• therefore
• nevertheless
• consequently
• as a result

Can the roads support drivers over 85?
Grandma is afraid shes going to miss something
as a result, she stays up too late.
9
Which words accompany semicolons?

• We often support semicolons with conjunctive
  adverbs.
• The formula is CSCC
• clause semicolon comma clause
• It is a common construction with semicolons.

Whats the formula for grandmas success?
10
Is there another semicolon use?

• Semicolons separate items in long lists
• The committee included Al Numero, Mathematician,
  from Chicago, Illinois Moore Sayings, Linguist,
  from Atlanta, Georgia Biggie Bangor, Biologist,
  from Uptown, New York Sharpo Cutter, Surgeon,
  from San Diego, California.

Is it a tough hood when even grandma loots?
11
Then what is a plain colon?

• The colon introduces
• The logical result of a fact stated before
• I hit him he hit me.
• A description with the elements of a set
• Its great note its size.
• A sentence that defines the previous
• Theres a way its possible.
• 4. A direct speech with quotation marks
• She said I am coming!

How is a colon like a handshake?
12
What do colons introduce?

• The colon introduces the result of a fact stated
  before
• What do we expect after this statement?
• Im going to tell you the names of my favorite
  breakfast foods
• We expect a list of breakfast foods!

Are bagels or biscuits your breakfast favorites?
13
What do colons announce?

• What follows a colon?
• Im going to tell you the names of my favorite
  breakfast foods cornflakes, oatmeal, grits and
  gravy, and yogurt.
• Often, an expected list of items comes after a
  colon.

Why does the caption use a colon?
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What do colons lead us to?

• A colon is used with a sentence that defines the
  previous one.
• Our English professor wants just one result from
  us that we all try our very best.
• Here again, the first sentence announces the
  following one, and the announcement is preceded
  by a colon.

Does the ladys t-shirt announce like a colon?
15
What do colons announce?

• The colon introduces formal quotations
• The president stated I shall not leave my
  office because of my health condition.
• We usually use a comma to introduce informal
  quotations
• He said, I wont quit just because Im sick.

In the caption, why is there a colon after 1852?
16
What are semicolons and colons?

• Semicolons connect related clauses
• It is the end of the semester we are finishing
  the course.
• Colons introduce or announce following
  information
• There is only one thing to do review everything
  that we have learned.

Can we replace the dash above with a colon?
17
Can you use semicolons and colons?

• I bring all I need to class every day ___ my
  pens, my books and my dictionary.
• So Young failed her English test ___
  nevertheless, she was able to get a good job.
• This is what I told him ___ "Buy yourself a
  bicycle, so that you don't have to borrow mine!"

• There are two things about him that drive me
  crazy ___ his music and his cooking.
• I had lamb for lunch ___ Fred had steak.
• I took my umbrella ___ it looked like it was
  going to rain.
• Java ___ a popular programming language for the
  web.

Insert a semicolon or a colon in each blank space.
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Here are the semicolons and colons

• I bring all I need to class every day my pens,
  my books and my dictionary.
• So Young failed her English test nevertheless,
  she was able to get a good job.
• This is what I told him "Buy yourself a bicycle
  so that you don't have to borrow mine!"

• There are two things about him that drive me
  crazy his music and his cooking.
• I had lamb for lunch Fred had steak.
• I took my umbrella it looked like rain.
• Java a popular programming language for the web.

A semicolon or a colon marks each sentence.
19
Can you use conjunctive adverbs?

• It is only 11 oclock __, lets eat lunch.
• It is only 11 oclock __, lets not eat yet.
• You are hungry __, so am I.
• I want to relax __, I need to study.
• You have to work __, you wont have enough
  money.
• You need money __, you work.

• Fill these adverbs into the correct blank at the
  right
• however (contrast)
• moreover (addition)
• otherwise (contrast)
• therefore (consequence)

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Here are the conjunctive adverbs

• It is only 11 oclock however, lets eat lunch
  anyway.
• It is only 11 oclock therefore, lets not eat
  yet.
• You are hungry moreover, so am I.

4. I want to relax however, I need to
study. 5. You have to work otherwise, you wont
have enough money. 6. You need money therefore,
you work.
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Can you use conjunctive adverbs?

• You can buy the book here __ its cheaper other
  places.
• Its good to write carefully __, careful study
  boosts grades.
• Take your dictionary to the exit essay __, you
  may need it.
• Clara passed __, her sister did, too.
• Youre ready __, you will pass easily.

• Fill these adverbs into the correct blank at the
  right
• furthermore (addition)
• likewise (comparison)
• although (contrast)
• in fact (emphasis)
• after all (example)

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Here are the conjunctive adverbs

• You can buy the book here although its cheaper
  other places.
• Its good to write carefully in fact, careful
  study boosts grades.

3. Take your dictionary to the exit essay after
all, you may need it. 4. Clara passed likewise,
her sister did, too. 5. Youre ready
furthermore, you will pass easily.
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Can you use conjunctive adverbs?

• Its OK to repeat a class __, its better to
  pass at the first.
• Students must pass the exit essay __, they must
  also pass Compass English.
• Compass English is a formal test __, it includes
  lots of punctuation.
• Dont mess up __, win your own success.

• Fill these adverbs into the correct blank at the
  right
• still (addition)
• of course (concession)
• instead (contrast)
• indeed (emphasis)
• finally (summary)

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Here are the conjunctive adverbs

• Its OK to repeat a class of course, its better
  to pass at the first.
• Students must pass the exit essay still, they
  must also pass Compass English.

3. Compass English is a formal test indeed, it
includes lots of punctuation. 4. Dont mess up
instead, win your own success.
The End