Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration

• Anaerobic organisms
• Theoretical origins of oxygen gas on earth.
• Toxicity of oxygen
• aerobes
• free radicals
• Cellular Respiration works basically the same way
  in all organisms.

• Example of Unity and Common Descent.
• Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Krebs Cycle
• 3. Electron Transport Chain

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Glycolysis

• First step in both aerobic and anaerobic cellular
  respiration.
• Meaning of the name actually means the splitting
  of glucose.
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• Glucose is split.

• Products
• 2 ATP molecules (net)
• 2 NADH molecules
• 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules
• Role of NAD
• substrate-level phosphorylation
• Where is most of the energy still located?

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Mitochondria

• Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur in
  the mitochondria.
• Many located in muscles.
• Structure
• double membrane structure.
• cristae

• Matrix
• Cytochromes

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Krebs Cycle

• Oxidation of Pyruvic Acid
• Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
• Hydrogens and electrons are stripped away from
  Pyruvic acids and transferred to electron
  carrying coenzymes (NAD and FAD)
• Coenzyme A
• Acetyl CoA

• Products per glucose molecule oxidized.
• 2 ATPs
• 6 molecules of Carbon Dioxide
• 8 NADHs
• 2 FADH2 molecules

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Electron Transport Chain

• Chemiosmosis
• Phosphorylation
• ADP P--gtATP
• Role of oxygen
• Cytochrome Oxidase
• Dinitrophenol
• Products
• 32 ATP in eukaryotes
• 34 ATP in prokaryotes
• NAD Water

• Oxidation of NADH
• Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria.
• Role of Cytochromes
• Products of the oxidation of NADH
• Creation of hydrogen ion gradient (proton
  gradient)
• ATP Synthase

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Total Energy Obtained From 1 Glucose Molecule
from Aerobic Respiration

• 2 ATP from Glycolysis
• 2 ATP from Krebs Cycle
• 32 ATP from Electron Transport in Eukaryotes.
• 34 ATP from electron transport in Prokaryotes
• ________________________________
• TOTAL 36 ATP IN EUKARYOTES
• 38 ATP IN PROKARYOTES

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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

• Sole energy source for may bacteria and many
  small organisms.
• Occurs in most organisms to some extent.
• Steps
• 1. Glycolysis--same as in aerobic respiration.

• 2. Fermentation--
• PURPOSE
• ENERGY YIELD
• LACTIC ACID
• ALCOHOLIC
• PRODUCTS
• USES
• Why cant we live with anaerobic respiration
  alone?

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General Information

• What happens to food that isnt glucose?
• Converted to glucose or intermediates of glucose
  metabolism.
• Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Exercises

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