KOREA: Democracy

1
KOREA Democracy North-South Issues
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Democracy

• Transitional Government Seoul Spring
• Choi Kyu Ha (acting president) promised
  democratic election and amended constitution

3
The 12.12 Coup

• Major General Chun Doo Hwan

4
The Hanahwoe (One Association)

• 1961 Seven Star Association
• 1964 Hanahwoe (One Association)
• Yongnam Area near Taegue Kyongsang Province

5
The 1979 Coup and the CFC

• CFC (Combined Forces Command) was created in 1978
  taking over UN Command
  
• US response

6
The Kwangju Massacre (1980) and the Politics of
Deception

• Kim Dae Jungs arrest Kim Young Sam under house
  arrest
  
• Kwangju South Cholla Province
• The Home of Kim Dae Jung and students movements
  
  
• Against Japanese/ Against Rhee Regime

7
The Massacre

• May 19 student-worker-citizen uprising
• May 21 paratrooper opened fire
• 200 killed thousands wounded

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The Manipulations

• US lukewarm reaction (Carter)
• Stability First Iranian Revolution 1979
• Chuns media maneuver
• Toward Anti-American
• Reagan invited Chun to the White House in 1981
• To Save Kim Dae Jung life
• Chun Doo Hwan the most authoritarian regime
• No Election whatsoever

9
Antiauthoritarian politics as anti-Americanism

• Neo-Marxist students dividing Korea and
  supporting military governments.

10
Civil Society and Explosive Demands for
Democratization

• Christians as major supporters of democracy (13
  of population)
  
• Massive demonstrations continued even after
  Kwangju massacre

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The peoples march

• Summer 1987 the largest
• Included many middle-class people
• June 26 Great Peace March of the People
• The US Warned Chun not to repeat 1980

12
The Surrender

• June 29 1987 Declaration of Democratization and
  Reforms
  
• Roh Tae Woo was running against two Kims
• Roh won with 36.6, KYS 28.1 and KDJ 27.1

13
Fading anti-Americanism

• Nov. 1987 North Korea spy exploded KAL jet.
• 1988 Seoul Olympic Game

14
Constitutional Amendments the Peaceful
Transfer of Power

• The 1987 amendments
• Limiting Executive bodys power
• Direct election of President
• Office of Prime Minister appointed by President

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Roh Tae Woo 1988-1993

• Dec 16, 1997 Election
• Inauguration Feb. 1988 First Peaceful transfer of
  power
  
• Minority President

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The Roh Presidency and the Economy

• The End of the Korean miracle
• Corruption
• Chaebols out of control
• Foreign investment
• Income distribution

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The Calculating Middle Class

• Post-1987 Conservative Middle Class
• Balancer
• New Rich

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Three Party Merger

• 1990 Democratic Liberal Party DLP
• Kim Young Sam, Roh Tae Woo, and Kim Jong Pil

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Kim Young Sam 1993-1997

• 1992 Election 41.4 KYS, KDJ 33.6

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Kim Dae Jung

• 40.3 Lee 38.7 Rhee 19.2

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North Korea

• The Mystery What kind of state is it?
• The traditional view Soviet Satellite state
• Satlinist state?

22
Varieties of Corporatism

• Neo-Socialist Corporatism nation instead of
  class World System
  
• Asian Corporatism family (cf. Japans emperor)
• North Korea as socialist corporatism (family
  state)

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Leader as the Core of the State

• Confucian-Stalin Kim Il Sung benevolent
• Moral language depicting him
• Nationalistic only Koreans
• Kim Jong Il (I-L)
• Family heredity lack of internal conflict

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The Leaders Idea

• Juche idea Dec. 1955 speech

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The Mass Party

• Korean Workers Party (KWP)
• Not a class party but mass party
• Mass mobilization totalitarian
• Cf. Mao no class war bad class

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Police and Intelligence

• Intelligence section largest
• Ministry of Interior
• Secret networks
• Autarky from the capitalist world