CMMI Overview

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???CMMI Overview

• ?????? ???
• ??????? ?

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Table of Contents

• ???????
• CMMI ?????
• CMMI ???
• ???????
• QA

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???????
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What Is a Process?

• A process (?? or ??) is a set of practices ( or a
  sequence of actions) performed for a given
  purpose.
• Integrating people, procedures methods, and
  tools together.
• Example?

5
Defining a Process

• A mature process is documented with process
  notations, e.g., data flow diagrams, activity
  diagrams, check lists, flowchart.
• Activity details
• Purpose, participants, inputs, entry criteria,
  work products, outputs, exit criteria,
  performance measure, sub-practices, and work
  items.

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What Is a Software Process?

• A software process is a set of activities,
  methods, practices, tools, and transformations
  that people employ to develop and maintain
  software.
• The associated products include project plans,
  design documents, code, test cases, user manuals,
  

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What Is a Process Model?

• A process model is
• a common set of process requirements, capturing
  best practices, practical knowledge to guide
  priorities.
• a structured collection of elements that describe
  characteristics of effective processes.
• A process model is used
• as a guide to modify or create processes using
  practices that have been proven to increase
  process capability.
• to assess process capability for two purposes
• Establish a baseline for improvement.
• Measure progress as improvement activities
  proceed.

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Modeling the Software Process

• Decomposing the software process, it can be
  viewed as a set of defect injection and defect
  removal activities.

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Defect Estimating
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Benefits of ProcessImprovement

• Process improvement is aimed at increasing the
  capability of work processes.
• Process capability the inherent ability of a
  process to produce planned results.
• As process capability increases,
• it becomes predictable and measurable.
• major causes of poor quality and productivity are
  controlled or eliminated.

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Model-Based Process Improvement

• Process improvement (????) cycle
• Management commitment and an assessment.
• The findings from assessment to feed action
  plans.
• Plans complete, perform further assessments. The
  cycle continue.

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A Process Improvement Approach by SEI IDEAL
Model
Learning
Analyze and Validate
Propose Future Actions
Implement Solution Refine Solution

• Initiating

Charter Infrastructure
BuildSponsorship
Stimulus for Change
Set Context
Acting
Pilot/Test Solution Create Solution
Characterize Current and Desired States
Plan Actions
Develop Approach
Develop Recommendations
Diagnosing
Set Priorities
Establishing
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A Process Improvement Approach by SEI IDEAL
Model (2)

• Initiating
• Set context, Build sponsorship, charter
  infrastructure
• Diagnosing
• Characterize current desired states, Develop
  recommendations
• Establishing
• Set priorities, Develop approach, Plan actions
• Acting
• Create solution, Pilot/test solution, Refine
  solution, Implement solution
• Learning
• Analyze and validate, propose future actions

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CMMI ?????
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CMM ? CMMI ???

• Carnegie Mellon University USA DOD Supported
  Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
• 1987
• First CMM (Capability Maturity Model) published
  as a technical report
• 1989
• Book on the software maturity framework published
• 1991
• CMM V. 1.0 for software published
• 1993/1994
• CMM V. 1.1 for software published
• PSP (Personal Software Process) developed by the
  SEI
• 1995
• New specialized CMM published by the SEI ,
  including CMMs for software acquisition
  (SA-CMM), system engineering (SE-CMM), integrated
  product development (IPD-CMM) and human resource
  management (People-CMM)

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CMM ? CMMI ??? (2)

• 1996
• TSP (Team Software Process) developed by the SEI
• 1997
• New Quality Standards continue to emerge, such as
  EIA/IS 731, CMMI (Capability Maturity Model
  Integration) project by the USA DOD.
• 12/2000
• CMMI V. 1.02 Published (Translation of Chinese
  Version by III ???)
• 12/2001
• CMMI V. 1.1Pulblished
• 2003
• The SEI has announced - SEI will discontinue any
  support of CMM after December 2005.

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A Proliferation of Models and Standards
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CMMI???

• Sponsored by the US Department of Defense (DOD)
  and National Defense Industrial Association
  (NDIA)
• Collaborative endeavor, over 100 people involved
  from
• Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
• Government
• Industry

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The Three Source Modelsin CMMI
20
Numbers of Process Areas
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Four Disciplines of CMMI

• CMMI-SW/SE/IPPD/SS includes four disciplines
  Bodies of knowledge
• System engineering
• Software engineering
• Integrated product and process development
• Supplier sourcing

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Four Disciplines of CMMI (2)

• System engineering focus on transforming
  customers needs, expectations, and constraints
  into products and supporting these products
  through their life.
• Software engineering focus on applying
  systematic, disciplined and quantifiable
  approaches to the development, operations, and
  maintenance of software.

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Four Disciplines of CMMI (3)

• Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD)
  is a systematic approach that achieves a timely
  collaboration of relevant stakeholders throughout
  the life of the product to satisfy customers
  needs, expectations, and requirements.
• Must select one or more disciplines in addition
  to IPPD.
• Supplier Sourcing covers the acquisition of
  products from suppliers.
• Must select one or more disciplines in addition
  to SS.

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CMMI ?????

• CMMI ???????????
• ????(maturity)?? Staged representation (????? )
  uses predefined sets of process areas to define
  an improvement path for an organization and is
  described by a model component called a maturity
  level.
• ????(capability)?? Continuous Representation
  (?????) uses capability levels to characterize
  improvement relative to an individual process
  area.

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CMMI ????? (2)

• Staged representation (????? )
• ML 1. Initial ??
• ML 2. Managed ??
• ML 3. Defined
• ML 4. Quantitatively Managed ??
• ML 5. Optimizing
• Continuous representation (?????)
• CL 0. Incomplete ??
• CL 1. Performed ??
• CL 2. Managed ??
• CL 3. Defined ??
• CL 4. Quantitatively Managed
• CL 5. Optimizing.

ML Maturity Level
Capability Level
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???????
???
???
Capability
Maturity
ML5
ML4
0 1 2 3 4 5
ML3
ML2
ML 1
PA
PA
PA
Organization
Process
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???????
??
????
(5)
??
??
(measured)
?????
(4)
????
??
(standard)
??,
???
(3)
??
??
(planned and tracked)
???
(2)
??
??
(performed)
???
(1)
??? (0)
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CMMI Maturity Levels
Staged Organization of 25 PAs
Level
Focus
1 ???
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??????Model Components
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??????Model Components
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CMMI ?????

• ARC, V1.0 Appraisal Requirements for CMMI
  Version 1.0
• SCAMPI Method Standard CMMI Assessment Method
  for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) Method
  Definition Document (MDD)

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CMMI ??????
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????

• ???????????????????
• ?????????????(Baseline)?
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????

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????

• ?? SACMPI reference model for CMMI?
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• Focus the appraisal on the sponsors business
  goals.
• Observe strict confidentiality and
  non-attribution of data.
• Focus actions and decisions from appraisal
  results.

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?????????Appraisal of Practice Implementation

• ??????
• ???? (Direct Artifacts)
• ???? (Indirect Artifacts)
• ?? (Affirmations)

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???????
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???????
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?????
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Organization Size
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Number of CMMI Appraisal by Country

• March 2005
• Taiwan 13
• China 34
• Japan 77
• India 70
• USA 280
• United Kingdom 25
• Korea - 23

• September 2005
• Taiwan 18
• China 62
• Japan 100
• India 104
• USA 365
• United Kingdom 29
• Korea - 30

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Move to the Higher Level

• For organizations that began their CMM-based SPI
  effort in 1992 or later, the median time to move
  from
• maturity level 1 to 2 is 22 months
• maturity level 2 to 3 is 19 months
• maturity level 3 to 4 is 25 months
• maturity level 4 to 5 is 13 months

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CMMI ???
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CMMI ???

• 1. Creativity vs. Process
• Creativity is one of the important themes for
  National scale projects.
• One common misperception is that process is
  somehow the enemy of creativity. This is wrong.
  Process is not the opposite of creativity it is
  the opposite of chaos.
• Process creates discipline and repeatability by
  putting individual activities into a precise
  framework.
• When organizations have process perspective,
  they can focus their creativity where it belongs
  in the content of their work rather than on the
  structure of their work.

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CMMI ??? (2)

• 2. Moving from ML 1 to ML 3 - Skip ML 2
• At level 2, the focus is on projects.
• At level 3, two additional generic practices are
  implemented by level 2 process area
• GP3.1 Establish a Defined process
• GP3.2 Collect Improvement Information
• At level 3, the emphasis shifts to the
  organization.
• Best practices are gathered by MA (a long period)
  across the organization (ML 2).
• Processes are tailored as appropriate.
• Engineering (RD, TS, PI, VER, VAL),
  Infrastructure (OPF, OPD, OT), Project (RSKM,
  IPM), Support (DAR)
• The organization supports the projects by
  establishing
• Common processes -Common processes does not
  necessarily mean one process. (Menu of Processes)
• Common measurements
• Training

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CMMI ??? (3)

• 3. Moving from ML 3 to ML 5 - Skip ML 4
• ML4 Organizational Process Performance (OPP) and
  Quantitative Project Management (QPM)
• GG 4 Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed
  Process
• GP 4.1 Establish Quantitative Objectives for the
  Process.
• GP 4.2 Stabilize Subprocess Performance.
• The process Performance Baselines include
• Individual process elements (ex. Rest-case
  inspection element, ML 2 and ML 3 )
• Sequence of connected processes
• Processes that cover the entire life of the
  project (Req. Management)
• Process for developing individual work products

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CMMI ??? (4)

• 4. CMMI for ODM/OEM (e.g., India)
• Japan is the Model Better Quality,
  International Business,...
• 5. Small Organization
• CMMI fits in the Small Organization
• Tailoring
• Collaboration of Companies
• See SEI Report Organization Size

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CMMI ??? (5)

• 6. CMMI Appraisals Status Misconception

Branch Achieved CMMI ML 2 Only
organization
Announce The Whole Company Achieved CMMI ML 2.
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CMMI ??? (6)

• 7. SCAMPI Practices Implementation Indicator
  (PII) e.g., Affirmations
• It is not answers to a pre-defined questions.
• How CMMI work was done in the Organization Unit
  (OU) rather than the correct answers to the CMMI
  questions.
• CMMI Practices

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CMMI ??? (7)

• 8. Tools vs. ?? CMMI ??
• Collect process requirements for support tools
  and investigate possible short-term and long-term
  tool solutions.
• ??????????,????????,??????????????????????
• Tools are neither a necessary conditions nor a
  sufficient conditions for ?? CMMI ???

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For More Information about CMMI

• SEI CMMI Web site
• http//www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi
• System Engineering Web Site
• http//sepo.spawar.navy.mil/

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???????
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????????

• ?????? ??? ???   
• ?????? ?????/??? IDC???????????????????
  (Information Society Index),????????20,???????????
  ??????,?????????,??????????,????????????????,?????
  ???????????????

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???????? (2)

• Small Companies NO CM, QA, MA, Training,...
• Information Service Companies 5385
• Employee 500 6
• Employee 100-499 63
• Employee 100- 5316 (98.7)
• Employee 5- 3393 (66.3)

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??????????
System Integration Change Control Release
Control Version Control Maintenance
Planning Requirements Design Quality Assurance
Build
TAIWAN
USA
55
?? CMMI ????
????????????????????????????????????????????????,?
???????????,?????????? ?CMMI ?????????? ??????????
????????? CMMI???????????? ?????????????????,?????
?????CMMI??? ???????????????2003?1?,??????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
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?? CMMI ???? (2)

• ???????????????????????????????????????

• ?????CMMI????,??????????????--
• ?????????????????
• 2007??? LEVEL-3???50?
• 2008??? LEVEL-3???70??LEVEL-5???5?
• 2008??????e?????????????,????CMMI Level-3??????

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?? CMMI ???? (3)

• ???????????????????????????????????????BEST??????
  ???

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???? CMMI ?????

• ??? CMMI Level 2 ????? --- 18
• ???-??????? (2002.10.11) - ???????
• ???? (2002.10.25) Reuters Ltd.??
• ????-????? (2003.04.18) ??????????
• ??????-K? (2003.09.04) ???????
• ???? (2004.7.16) ???????
• ????(2004.7.23) ???????
• ????(2004.7.30) ???????
• ?????? (2004.8.12) ??????????
• ???????-IVAT (2004.10.20) ???????
• ????(2004.11.26) ??????????

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???? CMMI ????? (2)

• ?????????????(2004.12.10) -??????????
• ???-??????? (2004.12.10) TCS(TATA)??????
• ?????????? (2004.12.27) - ??????????
• ???-????????? (2004.12.20) - TCS(TATA)??????
• ??????????????????????????? (2005.1)???????
• ??????????(2005.7.21) - ??????????
• ??????(2005.8)???????
• ?????(2005.8) ???????
• ?????? (2005.8) ???????
• ?????????-GEIS (2005.9.16) ???????

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???? CMMI ????? (3)

• ??? CMMI Level 3 ????? --- 5
• ???-??????? (2004.6.11) - ????? ??
• ???? (2004.6.25) Trimentus Technologies? ???
• ????
• ???? (2005.11) - ??????
• ????(2005.12.29) - ??????????

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Government Source Selection and Contract Process
Monitoring Overview
(???????????????)
?? (??)
????????
?????
???????
????
???? ????? ???? ????
???????(Request for Proposals, RFP) ??, ??, ??
???? ??????
?????

• Development
• ??(Verification)
• Progress Reviews
• Milestone Reviews

???? ???

• ??(Validation)
• Acceptance Tests
• ??

??
??? (??)
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?????????

• ???????(Request for Proposal, RFP) ????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????? ???? (Government and Suppliers Both
  Failure)?

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??

• Establish Maintain Government Source Selection
  and Contract Process Monitoring
• ???????? Light-Weight CMMI ??????????????
  (Real-Life Example NASA JPL Template)
• ???????????CMMI ???
• ??????????????? Light-Weight CMMI ??????????????
• ?????????

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?? (2)
2. Establish and Maintain Taiwan Software Profile.
Industry Projects
Raw Data
Models, Relationships, processes
Updated Requests
Project information
Academic Analysis Packaging
Academic Technical Support
Validated Data
Models, Relationships, analysis reports
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?? (3)
3. ???? ????
CMMI Promotion BEST
Company 1

• CMMI???? SEI SCAMPI
• BEST
• For Small Companies integrating
• for CMMI Promotion

Company 2
.
Company N
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?? (4)

• 4. ?????,???????????CMMI???????????????
• E.g. Promote Out-Sourcing Opportunity from USA
  to Taiwans CMMI??????
• III, ITRI and Chunghwa Telecom. should provide
  the driving forces, e.g., any project 60
  outsourcing to industry
• ????
• Provide Products and Services Quality Control
  with CMMI Standard

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???? CMMI Win-Win
?? ?? ?? ????
?? ????(Control Change) ????(Release
Control) ????(Version Control) ??
??
CMMI?????????????, ??????????????
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Taiwan CMMI????

• SPIN-Taiwan (CMMI?????)
• http//www.cmmi.org.tw/
• SPIN-Sournthren Taiwan (CMMI?????)
• http//www.spin-stw.org.tw/
• ????????(Light-Weight CMMI)
• http//credit.csie.ncku.edu.tw/opensource/index.h
  tm
• ????????????
• http//www.csqa.org.tw/
• ??????????
• http//www.cisanet.org.tw/
• ?????????????
• http//www.itnet.org.tw/sinet/

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QA