Blood

1
Blood

• By Tamera Crosby
• Christy Sands

2
Hemoglobin

• a protein that is carried by red cells. It picks
  up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to the
  peripheral tissues to maintain the viability of
  cells. Hemoglobin is made from two similar
  proteins that "stick together". Both proteins
  must be present for the hemoglobin to pick up and
  release oxygen normally. One of the component
  proteins is called alpha, the other is beta.
  Before birth, the beta protein is not expressed.
  A hemoglobin protein found only during fetal
  development, called gamma, substitutes up until
  birth

3
Plasma

• 90 water with 100 different solutes
• 8 plasma proteins
• 60 albumin- carrier for certain molecules,
  buffer, major in contributing to osmotic pressure
  along with Na

4
Red Blood Cell

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- gas transport (1 billion O2 each)
  produce ATP anaerobically hemoglobin

5
Neutrophil

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- most numerous numbers increased with
  bacterial infections phagocytize bacteria and
  some fungi contain defensins

6
Eosinophil

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- kill parasitic worms destroy
  antigen-antibody complexes inactivate some
  inflammatory chemicals of allergies

7
Basophil

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- rarest release histamine and other
  mediators of inflammations contain heparin, an
  anticoagulant, that acts as a vasodilator

8
Lymphocyte

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- mount immune response by direct cell
  attack or via antibodies

9
Monocyte

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- increases during chronic infections
  phagocytosis develop into macrophages in
  tissues attack viruses and certain intracellular
  bacterial parasites

10
Platelet

• Origin- bone marrow
• Function- critical role in blood clotting

11
ABO Blood Groups

• There are four major blood types A, B, AB, and
  0. The blood types are determined by proteins
  called antigens (also called agglutinogens) on
  the surface of the RBC.
• There are two antigens, A and B. If you have the
  A antigen on the RBC, then you have type A blood.
  When B antigen is present, you have type B blood.
  When both A and B antigens are present, you have
  type AB blood. When neither are present, you have
  type O blood.

12
Anemia-insufficient of RBCs

• Causes Decreased red cell production by the
  bone marrowIncreased red cell destructionBleedin
  g or blood loss
• Anemia is any one of the disorders in which the
  blood has fewer than the normal number of red
  blood cells or the red blood cells are deficient
  in hemoglobin-carrying capacity. Hemoglobin
  carries oxygen to the tissues.

13
Leukemia

• The term leukemia refers to cancers of the white
  blood cells (also called leukocytes or WBCs).
  When a child has leukemia, large numbers of
  abnormal white blood cells are produced in the
  bone marrow. These abnormal white cells crowd the
  bone marrow and flood the bloodstream, but they
  cannot perform their proper role of production of
  other types of blood cells, including red blood
  cells and platelets. protecting the body against
  disease because they are Initially, abnormal
  leukemia cells appear only in the bone marrow and
  blood, but later they may spread elsewhere,
  including the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and
  brain. defective.

14
Mononucleosis

• It's grouped as a herpes virus because once
  you've been infected, the virus stays in your
  body the rest of your life and may reappear in
  your saliva from time to time.
• Mononucleosis is a respiratory virus that affects
  the blood cells and the salivary glands (the
  glands responsible for producing saliva). Even
  though anyone can get mononucleosis, most people
  who get the illness are between the ages of 10
  and 25.

15
Anemia-decreases in hemoglobin content

• Hemoglobin molecules are normal, but erthrocytes
  contain fewer than the usual number
• Ex) iron-deficiency anemia and pernicious anemia
  

16
Anemia- abnormal hemoglobin

• Production of abnormal hemoglobin usually has a
  genetic basis. Two such examples, thalassemia and
  sickle-cell anemia, are serious, incurable, and
  often fatal diseases. In both diseases the globin
  part of hemoglobin is abnormal and the
  erthrocytes produced are fragile and rupture
  prematurely. Standard treatment for these anemias
  are blood transfusions.