Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine:

1
WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL GOOD
PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
2
WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND

• UKRAINIAN LAW
• 2nd of March, 1995
• ABOUT PESTICIDES AND AGROCHEMICALS
• AGROCHEMICALS organic, mineral and bacterial
  fertilizers chemical soil land
• melioration as well as plant growth regulators
  and other matters, which can improve soil
  fertility, crop capacity and improvement of plant
  food quality.
• PESTICIDES toxic matters or mixtures of chemical
  or biological origin which are used against
  different harmful organisms for plants, animals
  and human.
• MAIN DIRECTIONS
• General official trials of pesticides and
  agrochemicals
• Official state registration of pesticides and
  agrochemicals
• Ways of using of pesticides and agrochemicals
• Requirements to producing, transportation,
  storage, application and utilization
• State policy to supervise and state control

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND

• OTHER UKRAINIAN LAWS
• Code Of Waters In Ukraine
• 6th of June, 1995
• Code Of Lands In Ukraine
• 25th of October, 2001
• About National Program to develop water economy
• 17th of January, 2002

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND

• DOCUMENTS FROM CABINET OF MINISTRY
• IN UKRAINE
• About state supervision and state control of
  observance of pesticides and agrochemicals
  legislation (19th of February, 1996)
• Procedure for monitoring of monitoring in Ukraine
  (20th of July, 1996)
• Concept of conservation and reproducing of
  natural environment around the Black Sea and the
  Azov Sea (10th of July, 1998)
• Integrated program to protect waters from
  pollution originating from rural areas and
  agricultural lands in Ukraine in 2001-2005 and
  prognosis to 2010 (26th of July, 2000)

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND

• DOCUMENT FROM MINISTRY OF ECOLOGY AND NATURAL
  RESOURCES OF UKRAINE
• To appoint list of research institutions to carry
  out state trials of pesticides and agrochemicals
• 9th of February, 2001

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
POLLUTION OF WATERS For river waters is
distinctive very high level of pollution with
mineral forms of nitrogen. General vewing during
the last 10 years showed decreasing of levels of
nitrogen pollution but it is quite high.

• AZOV SEA
• There is a situation of increasing of mineral
  nitrogen in the Azov sea area. There is a
  situation of high level of mineralization in
  waters aroud of the Azov sea. Contents of
  nitrogen compounds is also very high (in 2000)
• for NH4 compounds - from 1 to 9 times of MPC
  (maximum permissible concentration)
• for NO2 compounds from 1 to 34 times of MPC
• Contents of nitrogen compounds in the Azov sea is
  low less than 1 MPC.
• Contents of petroleum products in the waters
  from 1 to 2 MPC.
• Contents of phenolic compounds about 3 MPC.

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
POLLUTION OF WATERS

• BLACK SEA
• The biggest pollution is observed with petroleum
  products from 1 to 4.6 MPC.
• Contents of phenolic compounds is also very high
  from 3 to 5 MPC.
• It is connected with very high level of
  technogenic influences.
• Contents of nitrogen compounds is not so high (in
  2000)
• for NH4 compounds less than 1 MPC.
• for NO2 compounds less than 1 MPC.
• There is some increasing in contents of pesticide
  pollution in the Black Sea for chlorine-organic
  compounds.

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE
The whole amount of lands was 60355 000 ha which
was ap. 0.4 of the whole lands in the
world. Lands for agriculture using in Ukraine -
gt71 which includes arable lands 54 of the whole
lands in Ukraine During 1999 2000 years in
Ukraine the whole amount of lands for agriculture
using in comparing with situation in 1991 was
decreased on 246 000 ha, including 106 000 ha
arable lands.
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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE

• Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of
  Agriculture in Ukraine
• as well as by Institute of Agroecology and
  Biotechnology
• in 1990 there were used in Ukraine 4.2 millions
  tones mineral fertilizers (in active substance),
  i.e. ap. 141 kg per 1 ha
• in 1990 there were used 108 000 tones of
  pesticides , i.e. 3.2 kg per 1 ha
• in 2000 there were used in Ukraine 279 thousands
  tones (in active substance), i.e. ap. 13 kg per 1
  ha in ap. 10 times less
• in 2000 there were used 13 500 tones of
  pesticides , i.e. 0.4 kg per 1 ha in ap. 8
  times less

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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE

• Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of
  Agriculture in Ukraine
• as well as by Institute of Agroecology and
  Biotechnology
• Our preliminary results showed decreasing
  pesticides and nitrates pollution levels both in
  soil and food (other forms of nitrogen
  substancies are not dangerous when are in soils
  due to microbiological activity).
• But there are some specific features for the
  decreasing processes
• low intensity of decreasing of nitrates in soils
  are detected
• sometimes (depends from region of Ukraine)
  increasing of nitrates amounts in surface and
  drinking waters are observed (the same time using
  of mineral fertilizers are crucially decreased)
• arising of very stable chlorine-organic
  substancies derived from pesticides or increased
  levels were detected.

11
WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE

• In Ukraine the whole amount of agricultural lands
  polluted with radionucleotides is more than 6700
  000 ha. They include
• with pollution ab. 1 Ku per sq. km 5600 000 ha
• with pollution ab. 1-5 Ku per sq. km 1000 000
  ha
• with pollution ab. 5-15 Ku per sq. km 100 000
  ha
• with pollution ab. gt15 Ku per sq. km 27 000 ha
• Chornobyl Zone is 58 000 ha.
• Our investigations on detecting radionuclides in
  food showed increased levels in various regions
  of Ukrainian Polissya, especially in milk and
  meat. We suppose such situation is a result of
  shrinking land melioration activities and
  decreasing use of fertilizers Cs ione is an
  analoge of K ione and can compensate its absence.

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INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Multiple Agroecological Monitoring
Sustainable Agroecosystems
Modeling and predicting to develop
Agroecosystems
Modern Agrobiotechnologies
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INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
STAGES OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINE
Monitoring of Phytobiota
Monitoring of Land Using
Monitoring of Soil Microbiota
Monitoring of Chemical Compounds in Soils
Biocenosis (natural and agro)
Soil
Water Resources
Monitoring of Phytoviruses
Monitoring of Radioactive Elements
Natural and Anthropogenic Complex with the Same
Geological and Morphological Constructs as well
as Climatic Conditions
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WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL
GOOD PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in
agriculture of Ukraine reality and perspectives
17.09.2002 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND
WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL GOOD
PRACTICES
Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution

• Studying of microbe ecology in soils to increase
  biological activity of soils
• Extended system to use biotic complexes in
  agriculture
• Improvement of Nutrient Management system which
  should include also specificity of social
  structure in rural area
• Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice