Combining Sentences

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Combining Sentences

• Chapter 6, pg 96

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Why not write like this?
Why combine sentences?

• See Spot run. Spot chases Mitten.
• See Mittens run. Mittens runs fast.
• See Mittens climb a tree.

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Two Ways to Combine Sentences

• Coordination
• Subordination

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What is coordination

• Co-ordination is the pairing of similar elements
  words, phrases, or clauses to give equal
  weight to each.

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Use Coordination when

• you have two sentences that contain ideas of
  equal importance.
• The clauses are independent (simple sentences).

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Combining SentencesUsing Co-ordination

• You can combine sentences by using punctuation
  and/or connecting words called conjunctions.

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What is co-ordination?

• Co-ordination can link two independent clauses to
  form a compound sentence.
• There are three ways to combine sentences.

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How to combine sentences to produce a compound
sentence

• 1.Use a comma a coordinating conjunction
• Everyone needs what the farmers produce, so
• we should be concerned about their problems.
• A conjunction is a connecting or joining word.
• What is the conjunction in this sentence?
• Name the seven co-ordinating conjunctions.

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Comma Coordinating Conjunction

• Name the seven coordinating conjunctions.
• And but yet
• for so nor
• or

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Do I have to have a comma?

• You can leave it out in a short compound sentence
  but it is never wrong to include it

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Caution

• When using a comma in this type of compound
  sentence, be sure it truly is a compound
  sentence.
• IC , conjunction IC
• I left early, for the bus is often
  late.

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Caution

• Dont use a comma if the second part of the
  sentence is not an independent clause.
• I left early, for work. WRONG
• I left early for work . RIGHT

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Identifying co-ordinating conjunctions

• Identify the subject and verb for each
  independent clause.
• Then circle the comma and coordinating
  conjunction.
• Pg 98, Practice
• The speaker rose to his feet, and the room
• became quiet.
• 1. The audience was packed, for this was a man
• with an international reputation.

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Option 2 Semicolon

• 2. Use a semicolon, an adverbial conjunction, and
  a comma
• (Pg 101) I worked hard therefore, I expected
  results.
• What is the adverbial conjunction in this
  sentence?

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How to combine sentences

• Name some other common adverbial conjunctions.
• Pg 102
• In addition however instead accordingly likewise
  indeed meanwhile

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Identifying adverbial conjunctions

• Identify the subject and verb for each
  independent clause. Then circle the semicolon,
  adverbial conjunction, and comma.
• The jet was the fastest way to get there
  moreover, it was the most comfortable.
• The land was not for sale however, the house
  could be rented.
• Pg 102, Practice

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Caution

• Dont use a comma instead of a semicolon.

• The land was not for sale, however, the house
  could be rented. WRONG
• The land was not for sale however, the house
  could be rented. RIGHT

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Caution

• The land was not for sale however the house
  could be rented. WRONG
• The land was not for sale however, the house
  could be rented. RIGHT

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Option 3 Use a Semicolon

• 3. Use a semicolon
• I used to watch the Toronto Blue Jays play
• baseball at Exhibition Stadium tonight Im
• going to watch them play in the Skydome.
• Here the semicolon takes the place of a
  conjunction.

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Semicolons (continued)

• Use a semicolon only when the content of two
  clauses is closely related.
• When sentences are combined using a semicolon,
  the grammatical structure of each sentence should
  be similar (parallel).
• The women pitched the tents the men cooked
  dinner.
• Exercise 7 on pg 105

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Review

• As a writer, why would you want to use
• co-ordination?
• When do you use co-ordination?
• Name the three ways to combine sentences using
  co-ordination.

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Practice Relay Race

• Get into 2 groups
• Decide your order

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Go!

• Each sentence that appears, your groups
  representative will have to
• 1. underline the subject
• 2. highlight the verb
• 3. Identify the combination or combine the
• sentences.
• 4. The person who answered, initial it!
• 5. Check your answer with Mrs. T to move
  
• on to the next sentence!

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Combining Sentences using Subordination

• Chapter 7, pg 113

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Subordination

• Method of combining two clauses that contain
  ideas that are not equally important

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Subordination

• Combines an INDEPENDENT clause and a DEPENDENT
  clause.
• IC I drank the water
• DC When I drank the water

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Exercise 2, pg 114

• IC or DC?
• Before the show began
• While Betty bought the tickets
• I played some video games
• The line at the concession stand was too long

DC
DC
IC
IC
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Using Subordinating Conjunctions

• Pg 116
• After in order that unless
• Although once until
• As, as if provided that when, whenever
• As long as rather than where, wherever
• Because since whereas
• Even though so that whether
• Before though while

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Subordinating Conjunctions (117)

• To introduce a conditionI will go as long as you
  go with me
• To introduce a contrastI will go even though you
  wont go with me
• To introduce a causeI will go because the
  meeting is important
• To show time, place or purposewhen, until,
  wherever, so that

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Exercise 5 pg 119

• 1. He was eating breakfast. The results of the
  election came over the radio.

1. While he was eating breakfast, the results of
the election came over the radio.
2. The town council voted against the plan. They
believed the project was too expensive.
2. The town council voted against the plan
because they believed the project was too
expensive.
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Subordination using Relative Pronouns

• Sentences can be combined using a relative
  pronoun.
• The researcher had a breakthrough. He was
  studying diabetes.

The researcher who was studying diabetes had a
breakthrough.
Incorrect would be The researcher had a
breakthrough who was studying diabetes.
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Exercise 8 pg 124

• 1. Stress can do a great deal of harm.We
  experience stress every day.

1. Stress, which we experience every day, can do
a great deal of harm.
2. People often use food to help them cope.Some
peoples jobs are demanding.
2. People whose jobs are demanding often use food
to help them cope.