Independent Design as believed by early naturalist.

1
Independent Design(as believed by early
naturalist.)

• An intelligent Designer created each organism
  separately and independently of every other
  organism.
• Species never give rise to other species.
• Each organism was independently designed and
  created to perfectly fit the environment in which
  they live.

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There is a considerable degree of resemblance in
the volcanic nature of the soil, in climate,
height, and size of the islands, between the
Galapagos and Cape de Verde Archipelagos But
what an entire and absolute difference in their
inhabitants! The inhabitants of the Cape de Verde
islands are related to those of Africa, like
those of the Galapagos to America. I believe
this grand fact can receive no sort of
explanation on the ordinary view of independent
creation. Charles Darwin
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• Why would species which had been designed just
  for the Galapagos, and nowhere else on earth bear
  so plainly the stamp of affinity to those
  designed for South America?
• Conversely,why would species which had been
  designed just for the Cape Verde bear so plainly
  the stamp of the inhabitants on its closest
  continental land mass Africa?

5
Evolution offers the perfect explanation

• Both groups of islands are geologically recent.
• A few founding species from the respective
  mainlands colonized each archipelago.
• Geographical isolation allowed natural selection
  to go to work.
• Thus, the new species that developed on each
  island group are the evolutionary modified
  descendants of the respective founding
  populations.
• This explains why, each archipelago has its own
  collection of unique species, and why those
  species most closely resemble their respective
  nearby mainlands.

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Can independent design answer the question posed
by the archipelagos?

• Why was the designers powerful imaginative genius
  limited by the neighboring land masses?
• The advocates of independent design seem to be
  able to offer no other explanation except that it
  was simply the whim of the designer. That is
  just the way he chose to do it
• Are we to believe that it was the designers
  choice to mislead by producing sequences of
  organisms that mimic evolution so precisely that
  generations of biologist would be sure to
  misinterpret them?

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His tail is like a cedar. The sinews of his
thighs are knit together.His bones are like
brass cylindersHis ribs are like bars of
iron.He is the Masterpiece of My animal
creationThe one that made him furnished him
alone with a sword

• Job 4017-19

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Elephants, like every other intelligently
designed animal, must have appeared suddenly in
the fossil records. Right?
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Fossil Record of the Elephant

• The skull, teeth, and jaws of elephants are
  distinctly different from other mammals making
  elephant fossils easy to recognize.
• Over the years paleontologist have uncovered an
  array of extinct elephant fossils.
• The fossil record shows a familiar branching
  lineage.
• Can Independent Design explain the data found in
  the fossil record?

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The Independently Designed Elephant

• The designer must have first engineered a small
  trunk into a little critter called Paleomastodon
  about 35 million years ago.

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The Independently Designed Elephant

• Ten million years later, the trunk design was
  used again in a larger animal called
  Gomphotherium.
• This time along with the trunk he also used a set
  of small protruding tusk.
• The Designer thought the trunk was a good idea
  because he used it again in both Deinotherium and
  Platybelodon.

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The Independently Designed Elephant

• 6 million years ago, at the end of the Miocene,
  the trunk and tusk was used again on a large
  animal looking a lot like modern elephants called
  Primelephas.
• The Independent Design process absolutely,
  positively requires the successive creation of
  increasingly elephant-like organisms over time.

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The Independently Designed Elephant

• First the designer experimented with one species
  (Primelephas)
• He replaced it with three more modern species,
  one of which, Mammuthus became extinct.
• Each was a perfectly designed and perfectly
  formed species.
• The sequence of their appearances is a misleading
  coincidence

14
The Independently Designed Elephant

• The four organisms near the trees apex are
  actually represent four different genera.
• When one plots the entire species-specific fossil
  record of the elephants, we see not four but an
  amazing twenty-two distinct species just in the
  last 6 million years
• The designer has been busy! And what a stickler
  for repetitive work!

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Intelligent Design

• The classic branching of this lineage is a
  typical evolutionary pattern.
• Intelligent design, however, regards the
  appearance of each new species as the result of
  an individual act on the part of a designer.
• Any impression of a sequence is just a figment of
  our imagination.

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Is it any wonder that biologists are unable to
take intelligent design seriously?

• Over and over again, the imposition of
  intelligent design requires us to imagine a
  designer who creates successive forms that mimic
  evolution.

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The character of the Independent Designer.

• Magician or master illusionists.
• If this magical designer had anything in mind, it
  must have been to cast the illusion of evolution
  and nothing else.