Selective removal of CO2 from a contaminated gas stream

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Selective removal of CO2 from a contaminated gas
stream
United Arab Emirates University College of
Engineering

• Graduation Project (I)

Saber Mohammed AL-Ammari 199900156 Bassam
Mohammed AL-Hedhani 199900146 Faris AbuBaker
AL-Ameri 980711333
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List of Content

• Introduction
• Background Theory
• Proposed Solution.
• Conclusion

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Introduction
Components Mole Fraction
Nitrogen 0.001
Carbon Dioxide 0.0339
Hydrogen Sulphide 0.0697
Methane 0.6754
Ethane 0.0393
Propane 0.1192
Water 0.0615

• The contaminant gases are comes with the natural
  gas stream.
• Needs to remove because of some disadvantages

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Background Theory

• Due to the importance of CO2 gas in the global
  warming, CO2 removal has an important factor in
  industry.
• After CO2 removal it will store or will be used
  in other applications.

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• There are different places that CO2 can be stored
  such as
• The oceans
• Deep saline reservoir (aquifers)
• Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
• A solid on land

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• A large number of ideas have been considered for
  utilization of CO2, including
• As a feedstock for manufacture of chemical
  products
• For enhancement of the production of crude oil
• In growth of plants or algae (for use as a
  bio-fuel)

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The Need For CO2 Removal

• CO2 is highly corrosive and rapidly destroys
  pipelines and equipment.
• Reduces the heating value of a natural gas stream
  and wastes pipeline capacity.
• CO2 must be removed in LNG plant, to prevent
  freezing in the low-temperature chillers.

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Adsorption

• Adsorption is a process that uses special solids
  (called adsorbents) to remove substances from
  either gaseous or liquid mixtures
• Adsorption phenomena are used most acid gas
  separation systems
• adsorption operations use solids such as
  activated carbon and synthetic resins widely in
  industrial applications for purification.

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Process Description
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Absorption

• Gas absorption is an operation in which a gas
  mixture becomes in contact with a liquid for the
  purposes of dissolving one or more components of
  the gas into the liquid.
• Absorption in a liquid is common and a widely
  used process in the industry for CO2 removal.
• Absorption conducted in packed columns or in
  trayed towers.

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Packed or Trayed column
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Process Description
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Amine treating

• Amine treating is a proven technology that
  removes CO2 from gas and liquid streams through
  absorption.
• Amines used in industry
• MEA Monoethanolamine
• DGA - Diglycolamine
• DEA - Diethanolamine
• MDEA - Methyldiethanolamine

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Membrane Technology

• Membrane is as a barrier, which separates two
  phases and restricts transport of various
  chemicals in a selective manner.
• Transport through a membrane can be affected by
  convection or by diffusion of individual
  molecules, induced by an electric field or
  concentration, pressure, temperature gradient or
  the reaction.

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Design of the membrane

• Design of such membrane system begins with the
  membrane unit itself. Several design criteria for
  such membrane considered
• High surface area to membrane volume
• Counter-current flow to keep the greatest partial
  pressure difference across the membranes

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Advantages of Membranes

• Low capital cost
• Low operating cost
• Deferred capital investment
• Operational simplicity and high reliability
• Good weight and space efficiency
• Environmentally friendly
• Design efficiency

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Hollow Fiber Membrane

• Hollow fiber membranes have usually a diameter of
  about 0.5 mm, and a surface area of over 5000 m2
  per cubic meter
• This is the most compact type membrane currently
  in use

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Asymmetric membranes.
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Facilitated Transported Membrane
These types of membranes allow transport of
different molecules through the membrane based on
the rate of solubility into the membrane material
and diffusion through it.
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Membrane Contactors
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Proposal for a graduation project
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Conclusion

• Membrane is the best choice.
• Important criteria, such as critical entry
  pressure, critical surface tension of the
  membrane and contact angle were reviewed.