Consciousness, Sleep,

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Consciousness, Sleep, Dreams
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When we are awake we are?
In a state of Consciousness
An awareness of ourselves and our surroundings.
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When we are awake

• We can still daydream!

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Why do we daydream?

• They can help us prepare for future events.

• They can nourish our social development.

• Can substitute for impulsive behavior.

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Fantasy Prone Personalities

• Someone who imagines and recalls experiences with
  lifelike vividness and who spends considerable
  time fantasizing.

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RHYTHMS

• Our body experiences certain rhythms during
  consciousness, subconsciousness, and
  unconsciousness.

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Waking and Sleeping Rhythms
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Biological Rhythms
Annual Cycles seasonal variations (bears
hibernation, seasonal affective disorder) 24 hour
cycle our circadian rhythm 90 minute cycle
sleep cycles.
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Circadian Rhythm

• Our 24 hour biological clock.
• Our body temperature and awareness changes
  throughout the day.
• It is best to take a test or study during your
  circadian peaks.

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Sleep Cycles
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Sleep Stages

• There are 5 identified stages of sleep.
• It takes about 90-100 minutes to pass through the
  5 stages.
• The brains waves will change according to the
  sleep stage you are in.
• The first four stages are known as NREM sleep..
• The fifth stage is called REM sleep.

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Stage One

• This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a
  transition stage between wake and sleep.
• It usually lasts between 1 and 5 minutes and
  occupies approximately 2-5 of a normal night of
  sleep.
• eyes begin to roll slightly.

Hallucinations can occur and a feeling of falling.
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Stage Two

• This follows Stage 1 sleep and is the "baseline"
  of sleep.
• This stage is part of the 90 minute cycle and
  occupies approximately 45-60 of sleep.

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Stage Three Four

• Stages three and four are "Delta" sleep or "slow
  wave" sleep and may last 15-30 minutes.
• It is called "slow wave" sleep because brain
  activity slows down dramatically from Stage 2 to
  a much slower rhythm called "delta"

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Stage Three and Four (continued)

• Contrary to popular belief, it is delta sleep
  that is the "deepest" stage of sleep (not REM)
  and the most restorative.
• It is delta sleep that a sleep-deprived person's
  brain craves the first and foremost.
• In children, delta sleep can occupy up to 40 of
  all sleep time and this is what makes children
  unwakeable or "dead asleep" during most of the
  night.

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Stage Five REM SLEEP

• REM Rapid Eye Movement
• This is a very active stage of sleep.
• Composes 20-25 of a normal nights sleep.

• Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity
  quicken.
• Vivid Dreams can occur.
• From REM, you go back to Stage 2

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How much sleep do we need?

• We all need different amounts of sleep depending
  on our age and genetics.
• But we ALL sleep- about 25 years on average.

How do you feel when you dont get enough sleep?
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Why do we need sleep?(Two theories)

• Ecological Niche
• back in the day, darkness meant death, those
  that slept did not go out, thus did not die.
  Sleep protects us.

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2. Sleep helps us recuperate and restores the
breakdown of our body.
From This.
To this!!!
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Sleep Disorders
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Insomnia

• Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
• Not your once in a while (I have a big test
  tomorrow) having trouble getting to sleep
  episodes.
• Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours
  you sleep every night.

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Narcolepsy

• Characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

• Lapses directly into REM sleep (usually during
  times of stress or joy).

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Sleep Apnea

• A sleep disorder characterized by temporary
  cessations (stoping) of breathing during sleep
  and consequent momentary reawakenings.

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Night Terrors

• A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal
  and an appearance of being terrified.
• Occur in Stage 4, not REM, and are not often
  remembered.

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Sleepwalking(Somnambulism)

• Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder effecting an
  estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once
  in their lives.
• Sleep walking most often occurs during deep
  non-REM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in
  the night.

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Sleepwalking

• Symptoms and Features
• Ambulation (walking or moving about) that occurs
  during sleep. The onset typically occurs in
  pre-pubertal children.
• difficulty in arousing the patient during an
  episode
• amnesia following an episode
• episodes typically occur in the first third of
  the sleep episode
• polysomnographic monitoring demonstrates the
  onset of an episode during stage 3 or 4 sleep
• other medical and psychiatric disorders can be
  present but do not account for the symptom
• the ambulation is not due to other sleep
  disorders such as REM sleep behavior disorder or
  sleep terrors.
• Fatigue (which is not the same as drowsiness), 
• stress and anxiety 

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Sleepwalking

• The sleep walking activity may include simply
  sitting up and appearing awake while actually
  asleep, getting up and walking around, or complex
  activities such as moving furniture, going to the
  bathroom, dressing and undressing, and similar
  activities. Some people even drive a car while
  actually asleep. The episode can be very brief (a
  few seconds or minutes) or can last for 30
  minutes or longer.
• One common misconception is that a sleep walker
  should not be awakened. It is not dangerous to
  awaken a sleep walker, although it is common for
  the person to be confused or disoriented for a
  short time on awakening. Another misconception is
  that a person cannot be injured when sleep
  walking. Actually, injuries caused by such things
  as tripping and loss of balance are common for
  sleep walkers.

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Dreams
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Dreams

• A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts
  passing through a sleeping persons mind.

Manifest Content the remembered storyline of a
dream.
Latent Content the underlying meaning of a dream.
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Manifest Content
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Latent Content
Dream Interpretation
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Why do we Dream?

• Three Theories

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Freuds wish-fulfillment Theory

• Dreams are the key to understanding our inner
  conflicts.
• Ideas and thoughts that are hidden in our
  unconscious.
• Manifest and latent content

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Information-Processing Theory

• Dreams act to sort out and understand the
  memories that you experience that day.
• REM sleep does increase after stressful events.

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Physiological Function Theories

• Activation-Synthesis Theory
• during the night our brainstem releases random
  neural activity, dreams may be a way to make
  sense of that activity.

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REM Rebound

• The tendency for REM sleep to increase following
  REM sleep deprivation.
• What will happen if you dont get a good nights
  sleep for a week, and then sleep for 10 hours?

You will dream a lot.