Byzantine Empire

1
Byzantine Empire
2
(No Transcript)
3
Middle Ages / Medieval Period

• All the empires we have studied to this point
  have been referred to as ancient civilizations.
• Mesopotamia
• Fertile Crescent
• Egypt
• India
• China
• Greece
• Rome

• Ancient history is the study of the written past
  from the beginning of recorded human history
  until the Early Middle Ages in Europe.
• The Middle Ages or Medieval Period began with the
  fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and lasts to
  about 1500.

4
The New Rome

• 395Roman Empire split Roman Empire (West)
  Byzantine Empire (East)
• Greeksmost of Byzantine Empires population
• Wealthy families moved to Constantinople when
  barbarians invaded Rome

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7

• Constantinople (crossroads of Europe Asia)
• Bosporus Dardanelles2 important waterways

8
Emperor Justinian

• 527- 565
• Nicknamed Emperor who never sleeps

9
Justinians Code

• Law code Corpus of Civil Law (Justinians Code)
• Based on Roman laws
• http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/535institutes
  .htmlXV.20Agnate20Tutorship.

10
Theodora

• Justinians wife advisor
• Allowed women to own land
• 532 Nika Revolt
• Theodora talked him into staying
• General Belisarius- put down revolt won back
  Roman lands

11
Hippodrome- Chariot races (like Romes Circus
Maximus)
http//www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Hippo
drome_of_Constantinople/
12
http//www.livius.org/a/1/maps/istanbul_hippodrome
_map.gif
13

• Justinian wanted strength of old Roman Empire
• By 554 reclaimed Italy, North Africa, Spain
  from Germanic tribes
• Chemical weapon Greek fire
• After Justinians death, Germanic tribes
  reclaimed lands

14
(No Transcript)
15
Christian Church

• Emperors crowned by Patriarch of Constantinople
• Defend Christianity
• Appoint Church officials

16

• Icons (religious images)
• Iconoclasts believed having icons was idol
  worship
• 726 Byzantine Emperor Leo III destroyed icons
• 787 Pope in Rome-- heresy not to allow icons
  (some couldnt read icons helped them learn
  Christianity)
• Church council threatened iconoclasts with
  excommunication

17
(No Transcript)
18

• Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other
• 700s Lombards invaded Italy, Byzantine emperor
  refused to help Pope
• Frankish leader helped--Pepin the ShortPope
  gives him title emperor
• 1054 SPLIT---WEST (Roman Catholic Church) EAST
  (Eastern Orthodox Church)

19

• Church supported marriage (sacred institution)
  Roman Catholic Priests not allowed to marry
• Divorce - difficult to get

20

• Trade
• Goods from Asia Europe
• Silk Road
• 2 Orthodox monk missionaries brought silkworms
  from China

21

• Art- religious subjects
• Icons- displayed saints
• Mosaics- pieces of tile or glass
• Religious scholars used art in books
• Illuminated manuscripts (decorated books)

22
(No Transcript)
23

• Literature focused on salvation, obedience to
  God, preserving Greek Roman works

24
Architecture

• 532 Church of Hagia Sophia (meaning holy
  wisdom) in Constantinople

25

• Cyril Methodius-- missionaries
• 860 Cyril created alphabet for Slavic people
• Cyrillic Alphabet- used by Russia today

26
(No Transcript)
27

• AD 1071Seljuk Turks threaten Constantinople
• Byzantine emperor asked Pope to help defend
  Christianity
• Europeans went to Palestine to fight
  Muslims-Crusades (holy wars)

28

• 1204Venetians looted Constantinople
• 1453Ottoman Turks attacked
• Byzantine emperor killed
• End of Byzantine Empire

29
The Slavs

• Steppe- treeless grassland
• Taiga- thick forests
• Long, cold winters
• 3 major rivers
• Dnieper
• Dniester
• Volga

All flow North to South
30
(No Transcript)
31
The Eastern Slavs

• Setting and People
• 3 major ethnic groups lived in the area north of
  the Black Sea
• 1.) Western Slavs
• Poles, Czechs, Slovaks
• Close ties to Roman Catholic Church and Western
  Europe

• 2.) Southern Slavs
• Serbs, Croats, Slovenes
• Located on the northern part of the Balkan
  Peninsula
• Lots of contact with the Byzantines
• 3.) Eastern Slavs
• Largest group
• Ukranians, Russians, Belarussians
• Lived between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers

32

• Kievan Rus
• 800s AD- Vikings from Scandinavia (Norway,
  Denmark, Sweden) settled town of Novgorod
• VikingsRuotsiRusRussia
• Kiev (major trading village)
• Kiev grew into group of principalities called
  Kievan Rus

33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35

• Principalities ruled by princes
• Grand Princelike emperor
• Princespaid tribute to GP
• Boyarslandowners
• Artisans merchants
• Peasants

36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38

• 988 ADGrand Prince Vladimir I adopted
  Christianity Cyrillic Alphabet
• Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054)
• 1st library of Kiev
• Built churches, created 1st law code

39
http//z.about.com/d/goeasteurope/1/5/T/3/-/-/Ukra
ineStSophia.jpg
40
(No Transcript)
41

• 1240Mongols invaded
• 1240Alexander Nevsky defeated Swedes at Neva
  River
• 1380Mucovites (people of Moscow) defeated
  Mongols at Battle of Kulikovo

42

• 1493Ivan III ruler of Moscow refused to pay
  Mongol taxes, made himself sovereign of all
  Russia Ivan the Great
• Orthodox Church called Russia the 3rd Rome

43
(No Transcript)
44
Ivan IV the terrible

• Paranoid- mentally unstable
• Killed his own son
• Massacre at Novgorod
• Took title czar caesar

45
http//www.uoregon.edu/alayne/Images/st-basil-cat
hedral-exterior.jpg
46
http//www.uoregon.edu/kimball/images/repin20I-4
20ssn.jpg