The Byzantine Empire

1
The Byzantine Empire

• In this lesson, students will be able to
  identify significant characteristics of the
  Byzantine Empire.
• Students will be able to identify and/or define
  the following terms
• Eastern Roman Empire
• Orthodox Christianity
• Byzantine Influence on Russia

2
The Byzantine Empire was formerly the Eastern
Roman Empire.
3
The Eastern Roman Empire

• The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 A.D.
• However, the eastern portion of the empire
  survived. It began the Byzantine Empire.
• The Byzantine Empire survived for one thousand
  years after the fall of Rome.

4
The Byzantine Empire survived for one thousand
years after the fall of Rome.
5
A Natural Location for Trade

• The Byzantine Empire was located between Europe
  and Asia.
• It was a natural location for trade.
• The Byzantine Empire became wealthy from trade.

6
The Byzantine Empire became wealthy from trade.
7
Orthodox Christianity

• The Byzantines developed their own form of
  Christianity, Orthodox Christianity.
• Greek is the official language of the Orthodox
  Christian Church.
• Orthodox Christians do not recognize the Pope in
  Rome as their leader.

8
In 1054 A.D., the Orthodox Christian Church
officially split from the Roman Catholic Church
in the Great Schism.
9
The Hagia Sophia was a Byzantine Church and an
architectural marvel.
10
Byzantine Influence on Russia

• The Byzantine Empire greatly influenced Russia.
• Byzantine missionaries established Orthodox
  Christian churches in Russia.
• Byzantine missionaries even created an alphabet,
  the Cyrillic alphabet, to write the Bible in
  Russian.

11
Do you see the Byzantine influence in this
Russian Orthodox Church?
12
Justinian

• Byzantine Emperors held absolute power.
• The Byzantine Emperor, Justinian, collected all
  Roman written laws.
• The Code of Justinian is a collection of Roman
  written law.

13
Justinian was a Byzantine Emperor. He ordered
the collection of Roman law.
14
Questions for Reflection

• What became of the Eastern Roman Empire with the
  fall of Rome in 476 A.D.?
• Why was the Byzantine Empire able to prosper from
  trade?
• How did the Orthodox Christian Church differ from
  the Roman Catholic Church?
• Who was Justinian and what did he do?
• What was the Hagia Sophia?

15
Islam

• In this lesson, students will be able to
  identify characteristics of Islam.
• Students will be able to identify and/or define
  the following terms
• Muhammad
• The Five Pillars of the Faith
• Muslim (Moslem)
• Koran (Quran)

16
Saudi Arabia is a country in the Middle East. It
is also the birthplace of the world religion,
Islam.
17
Muhammad

• Muhammad was born in Mecca, Arabia.
• He became involved in the Arabian caravan trade.
• He eventually married a wealthy widow and spent
  many hours meditating and praying in the caves
  around Mecca.

18
Muhammad was a religious man. He
frequently meditated and prayed in the caves
around Mecca.
19
One day, Muhammad believed that God spoke to
him through an angel.
20
By the 600s A.D., a new religion was founded.
The religion of Islam is based on
the revelations of the Prophet Muhammad.
21
Monotheism

• Muhammad believed that the one, true God had
  spoken to him. Muhammad became a monotheist.
• Muhammad believed that the God who spoke to him
  was the same God of the Jews and Christians.
• Muhammad believed that he was the Seal of the
  Prophets or Gods final prophet.

22
The Koran or Quran is the holy book of Islam.
Muslims or Moslems (the followers of Islam)
believe that the words of the Koran are Gods
words to Muhammad.
23
At one point, Muhammad and his followers had to
flee Mecca and go to Medina. This is called the
Hegira or Hijra.
24
The Five Pillars of the Faith

• The Five Pillars of the Faith are five critical
  beliefs or actions for Muslims or followers of
  Muhammad.
• The Five Pillars are
• To believe in One God
• To Pray Five Times a Day Facing Mecca
• To Give Alms or Charity to the Poor
• To Fast During the Month of Ramadan from Sunrise
  to Sunset
• To Make a Pilgrimage to Mecca if Able

25
Muslims are not allowed to drink alcohol.
26
Muslims are not allowed to eat pork.
27
The religion of Islam allows a man to marry four
wives. It allows polygamy.
28
Questions for Reflection

• Who was Muhammad?
• What is the Koran?
• List the Five Pillars of the Faith.
• Who is a Muslim and what are Muslims forbidden to
  do?
• What was the Hegira?
• What do Jews, Christians, and Muslims have in
  common?

29
The Golden Age of Islamic Culture

• In this lesson, students will be able to
  identify characteristics of the Islamic golden
  age.
• Students will be able to identify and/or define
  the following terms
• Golden Age
• Islamic Advances in Science and Mathematics
• Mosques
• Geometric Designs

30
A golden age is a time of peace, prosperity, and
great cultural achievements.
31
Golden Age

• Many cultures experienced golden ages, including
  the Greeks and Guptas.
• A golden age is a time of peace, prosperity, and
  great cultural achievements.
• An Islamic golden age occurred during the Abbasid
  dynasty (8th century to 13th century).

32
Islam spread through conquest and trade. The
Abbasid dynasty ruled a vast empire.
33
The Islamic Golden Age

• The Muslims experienced a golden age.
• During the Islamic golden age, there were great
  advances in mathematics, medicine, architecture,
  and the arts.
• It is important to remember that under the
  Abbasids, Islam became a blending of many
  cultures leading to great achievements.

34
Muhammad forbade making images of God or people.
Islamic artists frequently used geometric designs
in their works of art.
35
Muslim rulers built beautiful mosques. A mosque
is an Islamic house of worship.
36
Muslim doctors discovered that blood moves to
and from the heart.
37
Muslims borrowed the concept of zero from India
and developed Arabic numerals.
38
Muslim mathematicians also made advances in
algebra and geometry.
39
While much of Islamic literature was based on the
Quran, stories like Aladdin were popular too.
40
The vast Abbasid trading network encouraged
cultural diffusion.
41
Questions for Reflection

• What is a golden age?
• List three cultures that experienced golden ages.
• Why did Islamic civilization experience a golden
  age?
• What is a mosque?
• List two advances in mathematics and science that
  occurred during the Islamic golden age.
• Why did Islamic artists rely on geometric designs?