Standard Precautions

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Standard Precautions

• Presented For
• Notre Dame High School

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What is a Germ?

• Germs are infectious agents that people can not
  see with the naked eye that make them sick.

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Germ Theory

• Transmission - is the passing of a germ from an
  infected person to an uninfected person.

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• Not all germs are created equal
• Bacteria Virus
• Fungi Protozoa
• Parasites

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Germ Theory

• How does transmission happen?
• Droplet contact
• Direct
• physical contact
• vector
• Indirect physical contact
• Airborne
• Fecal-oral

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Transmission

• Infections can occur when infectious agents come
  in contact with broken skin, mucous membranes of
  the eyes, nose and mouth, or through sexual
  contact.

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Transmission

• Infectious agents are found in all body fluids.

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Standard Precautions

• Used to prevent skin or mucous membrane contact
  with all body fluids.

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Standard Precautions

• History
• Body substance isolation prior to 1985
• Universal Precautions up to 1996
• Standard Precautions

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Standard Precautions

• Assume all body fluids are potentially infectious.

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The Four Steps of Standard Precautions

• 1. Hand washing
• 2. Use of Barrier Techniques
• 3. Cleaning and sanitizing
• 4. Proper disposal techniques
• Wellington Dufferin Guelph Public Health

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Standard Precautions

• 1 Wash your hands!!

Intact skin is your first defense against
infection
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How to wash your hands

• 1. Use soap and water
• 2. Wet your hands
• 3. Apply soap
• 4. Rub your hands together for at least 20
  seconds
• 5. Rinse your hands for 10 seconds
• 6. Dry your hands with a towel

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Do people really wash?

• Observational hand washing survey
• (Sept 2000 of 8000 people)
• 95 say they wash their hands
• 67 actually do
• 75 of women
• 58 of men
• American Society for Microbiology

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Standard Precautions

• 2 Use a barrier
• Remember
• Intact skin is your first defense against
  infection!

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Cover Cuts

• If you have cuts or open sores on your skin,
  cover them with a plastic bandage.

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Wear Gloves

• If there is any risk of coming into contact with
  blood or other body fluids, wear latex gloves.
• Gloves should only be worn once and disposed of
  in a plastic garbage bag.

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Cleaning Sanitizing

• The key to prevent infection is to get rid of the
  germs if they are around.

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Clean Up

• Spills of blood and other body fluids should be
  cleaned up with a fresh mixture of household
  bleach (1 part) and water (9 parts).

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Clean Up

• Paper towels should be used and disposed of in a
  plastic garbage bag.
• Remember to wear latex gloves during clean-up.

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Wash Clothes

• Soiled items should be stored in sealed plastic
  bags.
• Wash soiled clothing in hot soapy water and dry
  in a hot dryer, or have clothes dry-cleaned.

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Discard Garbage

• Use caution when disposing of garbage and other
  waste that may contain infected materials or used
  needles.
• Discard material soiled with blood or other body
  fluids in a sealed plastic bag.

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RISK
High Risk
Low Risk
Negligible Risk
No Risk
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Factors that Affect Risk

• The germs involved
• The type of exposure
• The amount of body fluids (especially blood)
  involved in the exposure
• The amount of germs in the body fluids at the
  time of exposure.

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Scenarios

• You share the same water bottle as the rest of
  the players on the volleyball team.

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Scenarios

• You help someone out on the ski hill that fell.
  They have a bleeding nose. You get them to hold
  their toque over their nose.

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Scenarios

• The game gets very intense and a fight breaks out
  and you get bit.

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Scenarios

• You are at a game and some sweaty player bumps
  into you.

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Scenarios

• One of your team mates threw up at a basketball
  tournament. You couldnt find any rubber gloves,
  but you help clean it up anyway.

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Scenarios

• You use your teammates chap stick.