STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

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STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

• Beth Brock, RN, BSN
• System-Wide School Nurse
• Cullman County Schools

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DefinitionA group of rules or concepts
whose use is intended to help prevent the spread
of disease.
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The risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B
and other infectious diseases can be greatly
reduced by using standard precautions. This
means to treat ALL human blood and body fluids as
potentially infectious!
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How do we prevent the spread of disease?
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WEAR DISPOSABLE WATERPROOF GLOVES

• When giving first aid
• When cleaning up body fluid spills (blood, urine,
  feces, spit, vomitus, etc.)

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Proper Glove Use

• Use only once, then discard.
• Remove gloves inside out, without touching the
  outside.
• Dispose of them in a lined waste container.
• Wash your hands ASAP.

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WASH YOUR HANDS

• Immediately after accidental contact with blood,
  body fluids, drainage from wounds or contact with
  soiled garments, objects or surfaces.
• Immediately after removing gloves or other
  protective equipment or clothing.

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Continued

• Before assisting others with eating or drinking
• Before handling food or kitchen equipment
• Before and after diapering and assisting with
  toileting

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Good Handwashing

• Most common mode of transmission of pathogens is
  via hands!
• Single most important measure in controlling the
  spread of infectious diseases.

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When running water is not available, use
antiseptic hand cleanser and clean towels or
antiseptic towelettes. Then use soap and running
water asap.
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Indications for Hand Hygiene

• When hands are visibly dirty or contaminated,
  wash with antimicrobial or non-antimibrobial soap
  and water.
• If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol
  based handrub.

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In the school setting, students should be
encouraged to wash hands several times per day by
allowing regular breaks for this purpose.

• ESPECIALLY DURING FLU SEASON!!!!

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Young children should be instructed and assisted
to ensure proper hand washing.
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CLEAN AND DISINFECT CONTAMINATED SURFACES

• Wear gloves
• Avoid direct contact of your skin with any body
  fluid
• Use disposable towels when possible

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To Clean Tables and Desks

• Use Lysol, Clorox Cleanup, or household bleach
  solution (1/2 cup bleach and 1 qt water) mixed
  daily.
• Rinse with water if so directed on disinfectant
  label.
• Allow to air dry.
• When bleach solution is used, handle carefully.

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To Clean Tables and Desks Cont.

• Gloves should be worn since the solution is
  irritating to skin.
• Avoid applying bleach solutions to metal since it
  will corrode most metals.
• Wash hands when finished.

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To Clean Floors

• Use a bleach solution of 1 cup bleach to 1/2
  gallon water
• Use the 2-bucket system -- one bucket to wash the
  soiled surface and one bucket to rinse

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2-Bucket Method

• In bucket 1, dip, wring, mop up spill
• Dip, wring and mop once more
• Dip, wring out mop in bucket 1

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2-Bucket Method Continued

• Put mop into bucket 2 (rinse bucket) that has
  clean disinfectant (Lysol, bleach solution, etc)
• Mop or rinse area
• Return mop to bucket 1 to ring out (to deep
  rinse bucket clean)

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Equipment Cleanup

• Soak mop in the disinfectant after use
• Place disposable cleaning equipment in a plastic
  bag as appropriate (possibly biohazard)
• Rinse non-disposable cleaning equipment
  (dustpans, buckets, etc in disinfectant

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Equipment Clean-Up Continued

• Pour disinfecting solution down the drain
• Remove gloves without contaminated self and
  discard in appropriate receptacle (possibly
  biohazard)
• Wash hands

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To Clean Non-Washable Surfaces (rugs or
upholstery)

• Apply sanitary absorbing agent, let dry, then
  vacuum.
• If necessary, use broom and dustpan to remove
  soiled materials
• Apply rug or upholstery shampoo as directed.
• Re-vacuum according to label directions

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Cleaning Non-Washable Surfaces Continued

• If using a water extraction sanitizing carpet
  cleaner, follow label directions
• Clean broom and dustpan rinse in disinfectant
  solution
• Allow surfaces to air dry
• Wash your hands

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To Clean Washable Materials Such as Clothing
Towels

• Wash clothing soaked with body fluids separately
  from other items
• Rinse item under running water using gloved hands
  (being careful not to splatter)
• Place items in plastic bag and seal until items
  are washed. Plastic bags containing soiled
  washable material must be clearly identified if
  outside laundry is used
• Wash hands
• Wipe sink with paper towels and discard

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Continued

• If material is bleachable, add ½ cup bleach to
  the wash cycle. Otherwise, add ½ cup
  non-chlorine bleach (Chlorox II, Borateem) to
  the wash cycle.
• Discard plastic bag
• Wash hands. If disposable gloves were worn,
  remove properly and wash hands.

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Properly Dispose of Contaminated Materials

• Place blood, body fluids, gloves, bloody
  dressings and other materials soaked with these
  fluids into a lined waste container and tie
  securely, then place in a larger trash
  receptacle. Double bag items severely saturated.
• If items are saturated to the point of dripping,
  the school nurse should be called to pick up the
  bags for disposal at a medical waste site.
• Place any sharp disosable object into a
  lead-proof, puncture proof container to be
  disposed of at a medical waste site. ( Ex.
  empty soft drink or detergent bottles)

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Do not care for others injuries if you have any
bleeding or oozing wounds or skin conditions
yourself
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Use a mask, mouthpiece, resuscitation bag or
other ventilation device if available if
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is necessary.

• Always know the names and location of staff
  members trained in CPR

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Latex gloves should be available in the
principals office. Teachers and bus drivers
should stock 1 2 pairs in a small ziplock bag
keep in the classroom or on the bus. P.E.
teachers and coaches should especially be sure to
have gloves available at all times. Use non-latex
gloves if available.
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In the event of a serious injury immediate
first aid is needed but no gloves are available,
use another barrier between your hands the
wound several thicknesses of paper, plastic
wrap, articles of clothing, etc
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Intact (non-broken) human skin is a natural
barrier to infection. Exposure occurs when
non-intact (broken) skin or a mucous membrane
comes in contact w/ blood or contaminated body
fluid of an infected person.
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Broken skin includes open wounds, cuts,
scratches, torn nail cuticles, chapped or scraped
skin human bites. Mucous membranes are the
soft, moist tissue lining of the nose, eyes,
mouth other body cavities such as the urinary
genital passages.
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Using Standard Precautions will help protect you
from infectious diseases and prepare you to
safely handle situations that involve blood
body fluids. These precautions will improve the
health safety of the school setting for you and
others.
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Some Infectious Agents Causing Concern in the
School Environment
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Continued