Chinas Revolution:

1
Chinas Revolution

• Nationalism or Communism?

2
The Social Forces of 1911 Revolution

• The gentry-merchant elite
• Provincial assembly as a gathering place for
  identity and legitimacy,
• Traditional regionalism and modern concept of
  self-governance,
• The crisis of railway construction ignited the
  confrontation. Were peasants a part of the
  revolution?

3
The Social Forces of 1911 Revolution

• The New Army Officer Core
• Their family background gentry-merchant elite,
  seeking advancement in military academies,
• Japans influence of martial spirit, even the use
  of assassination (Wang Jingwei)
• The influence of isms nationalism,
  republicanism, anarchism, socialism

4
Revolutionary Alliance the political guiding
force

• Tong-menghui in Tokyo (1905), an alliance of
  different political groups with one common aim
  overthrow Qing and establish a republic,
• Debate with Kang You-weis loyalists,
• Political platform three-minism
• ?? nationalism as anti-Manchuism,
• ?? three stages to democracy supervised,
  tutored, people self-governance,
• ?? peoples livelihood socio-economic policy
  a land policy and modernization of economy with
  no detailed programs

5
The Struggle to Maintain True to Republicanism

• Sun Yet-sen as provisional president of the
  Republic of China (ROC, 1912) in Nanjing,
• Yuan Shi-kai as the only force under Qing to be
  reckoned with his acceptance of three conditions
  to be the president
• Abdication of the emperor,
• Loyal to the constitution of ROC (French style)
• Capital in Nanjing
• Yuan managed to outmaneuver Sun, causing
  north-south division, civil war, and his own
  downfall in 1916

6
Civil War and Warlordism

• Yuans successors in the ROC in the north, the
  division and power struggle within,
• Suns National Revolutionary Govt. in Canton
  (Guangzhou), and the power struggle within the
  southern camp Suns narrow escape to Shanghai,
• Suns failed attempt to enlist western powers
  help to strengthen Chinas central govt. and his
  turning toward Soviet Union.