Bio-diesel for Automotive use : Benefits and Application

1
Bio-diesel for Automotive use Benefits and
Application
SIAM

• by Dilip Chenoy
• Director General, SIAM

5th November 2005 New Delhi
2
Presentation Outline

• SIAM
• Vehicle Parc Production
• Mobility Challenges
• Emission
• Energy
• Alternative Fuels
• Bio-diesel
• Importance
• Advantages
• Considerations
• Indian initiatives
• Industry concerns
• Need for a Roadmap

SIAM
3
SIAM
SIAM
4
SIAM Members Product Range
SIAM
5
India Vehicle Parc
2004
Total Registered Vehicle Parc Size 71.60 Mln
Vehicles
Source Govt. of India Statistics of Registered
Vehicles SIAM estimates
SIAM
6
SIAM Members Production
Production Volume Contribution
Size 8.5 mn vehicles
All figures for 2004-05

• India second largest producer of motorcycles (6.5
  mn) in the world after China which has a
  production volume of 12 mn

SIAM
7
Mobility Issues Challenges
Pollution Clean Air Fuel
Sustainability Safety Minimum Accidents
Infrastructure Efficiency
SIAM
8

• Air Pollution A very Complex Problem

Sources of Pollution Industry Domestic Exhau
st Agricultural Burning
SIAM
9
Vehicular Emission in India

• Concern
• Rapid urbanisation and poor management of in-use
  vehicles have resulted in deterioration of Urban
  Air Quality

• Suggestion
• An Integrated Approach to combat the problem of
  Vehicular Pollution.

SIAM
10
Integrated Approach for Emission Reduction from
the Automotive Sector

• Air Pollution is a very Complex Problem.

Industry
Government
Lower Emission from New Vehicles
In-Use Vehicle Emission Management
Fuel Quality
Traffic Management
Optimum Emission Performance
Strengthen Enforcement
Alternative Energy Driven Vehicles
SIAM
11
Per Capita Consumption of Energy
Kg Oil Equivalent
Source CMIE Monthly Report, April 2002
SIAM
12
Demand Domestic Production of Transport Fuel
Item Period MS ATF HSD NG
Projections in thousand MT 2001-02 7070 2299 39815 81.33
Projections in thousand MT 2006-07 10067 2691 52324 179
Projections in thousand MT 2011 -12 12848 3150 66905 313
Projections in thousand MT 2016-17 16398 3687 83575
Annual Growth () 10th Plan 7.3 3.2 5.6
Annual Growth () 11th Plan 5.0 3.2 5.0
Annual Growth () 12th Plan 5.0 3.2 4.5
Domestic Supply () 10th Plan 22.2 22.2 22.2 47.9
Domestic Supply () 11th Plan Lower than 10 Plan Projection
Domestic Supply () 12th Plan Lower than 10 Plan Projection
NG is expressed in Million Standard Cubic Meter
Per Day Source Report of the committee on
Development of Bio Fuels Planning Commission
SIAM
13
Portfolio of Alternative Fuels
CNG ,LPG
Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen
Bio-fuels Bio- diesel Ethanol
Electric/ Hybrid Electric Vehicles
SIAM
14
Alternative Fuels Road Map

• SIAM Task Force on Alternative Energy Driven
  Vehicles evaluated various technology options to
  evolve a time phased road map for introduction
  of Alternative Fuel Technologies

SIAM
15
Alternative Fuels Options

• Size maturity of the Indian Industry does not
  permit adoption of all alternative technologies
  simultaneously
• - Evaluate various options growth
  
  paths
• - Identify technologies to be adopted in
  short, medium long terms.

SIAM
16
Alternative Fuels Evaluation Criteria

• Drivers

• Enablers

• Risk

• Time Line

Investment Required
SIAM
17
Evaluation Alternative Fuels
SIAM
Means weightage given to each factor
18
SIAM Recommendations
SIAM
19
Importance of Bio-diesel

• Renewable fuel
• Environment friendly
• Clean burning
• Biodegradable and non-toxic
• Easy to handle and store
• Reduces dependence on petroleum imports
• Employment creation potential

SIAM
20
Bio-diesel and Diesel A Comparison
Bio-diesel grade B100 B20
Regulated emissions
Total un-burnt hydrocarbons - 93 - 30
Carbon monoxide - 50 - 20
Particular matter - 30 - 22
NOx 13 2
Un Regulated emission
Sulphates - 100 - 20
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - 80 - 13
Nitrated PAHs - 90 - 50
Ozone potential of Speciated HC - 50 10
Source Planning Commission Paper at
International Conference on Bio-fuels, 2004
SIAM
21
Advantages of Bio-diesel
Property Benefit
No Sulfur No SOx Emission
High Cetane Smooth Running Less Noise
Presence of Oxygen Low CO, HC PM
Closed Carbon Cycle Reduces CO2
Better Lubricity Improves engine performance
SIAM
22
Bio-diesel Production Worldwide
Source AUS Consultants
SIAM
23
Considerations for using Bio-diesel

• Availability of fuel
• Infrastructure for handling and distribution
• Safety considerations
• Cost of fuel
• Cost of vehicle
• Operating range

SIAM
24
Bio-diesel Indian Initiatives

• Planning Commission Committee on Bio-fuels.
• SIAM Chaired the Sub-committee on
• Standards Quality aspects of Bio-Fuels
• SIAM was a member in the subcommittees on
• Engine development Modifications for using
  bio-fuels,
• Legal Regulations on Bio-Fuels
• Role of NGOs, Financial Institutions, Corporate
  Bodies etc. in raising plantations for promotion
  of Bio-fuels
• Environmental Issues pertaining to Bio-fuels
• Institutional Arrangement for Bio-fuels

SIAM
25
Planning Commission National Mission on
Bio-diesel

• Plantation Jatropha Carcus
• Demonstration Project (Phase 1) 5 years . 5
  Bio-diesel blend in diesel in 8 States
• Phase II- 5 bio-diesel blend in diesel all
  over the the entire country
• Phase- III- 10 bio-diesel blend in diesel all
  over the country
• Phase IV- More than 10 bio-diesel blend in
  diesel all over the country.

SIAM
26
Bio-diesel Indian Initiatives

• Field Trails with Bio-diesel blend being under
  taken by
• Automobile Companies on various models of
  vehicles
• IOC on Bus Fleets in Haryana Mumbai
• IOC trials Railways with Bio-diesel in process
• Studies on Bio-diesel blends (upto 20 by volume)
  being conducted to analyse the feasibility of
  Bio-diesel as an automotive fuel.
• Specifications for Bio-diesel( B20) have been
  drafted by BIS and circulated to all stakeholders
  for comments and are likely to be finalised soon

SIAM
27
Bio-diesel Industry Concerns

• Bio-diesel can cause damage to rubber and other
  components - some engine modifications may be
  necessary to use pure bio-diesel in existing
  engines.
• There can be a reduction in fuel economy and
  power for pure bio-diesel, varying among
  different engines.
• Bio-diesel thickens at low temperatures, so using
  it in cold climates, especially in winters
  require some special systems.
• Compatibility Studies and RD underway

SIAM
28
Bio-diesel Industry Concerns

• Currently it is not widely available and is
  currently more expensive than diesel. Assured
  sustained supply of bio-diesel is a pre-requisite
  for the Bio-diesel Programme to be success in
  India.
• Commercial Bio-diesel should be made available to
  Auto Industry for trials at least 3 years before
  the date of introduction .
• Challenge is supply and distribution
  Leadership required

SIAM
29
Need for a Road Map

• SIAM welcomes the initiative being taken by the
  Oil Industry for introduction of Bio-diesel and
  would be happy to contribute in laying down a
  clear-cut time bound Road Map for introduction of
  Bio-diesel as an Automotive fuel in India.

SIAM
30
Thank You!
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Core
4B, 5th Floor India Habitat Centre Lodi Road New
Delhi Phone [phone] - 12 Fax [phone]
8222 Website www.siamindia.com