TED

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TED

• Karen Kalck Tracy Garza

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Objectives

• Taxonomy
• Anatomy
• Restraint and handling
• Training
• Physical exam
• Signs of illness
• Diagnostic modalities

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This is Ted
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These are Teds friends
Sea Lion
Gray whale
Manatee
Seal
Sea otter
Fur seal
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TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends)

• Carnivora
• Polar Bears
• Sea Otters
• Pinnipeds
• Sea Lions and Fur Seals Otarids
• Seals - Phocids
• Walruses - Odobenids
• Sirenia
• Manatees
• Dugongs
• Cetaceans
• Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales
• Toothed Odontocetes i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and
  Porpoises

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Sea Lions and Fur Seals
The Pinnipeds
Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal)
True Seals
Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)
Walrus
Odobenus rosmarus (walrus)
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No Pinnae!!
What has happened to my ears??
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Sea Lions and Fur Seals
The Pinnipeds
Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal)
True Seals
Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)
Walrus
Odobenus rosmarus (walrus)
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TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends)

• Carnivora
• Polar Bears
• Sea Otters
• Pinnipeds
• Sea Lions and Fur Seals Otarids
• Seals - Phocids
• Walruses - Odobenids
• Sirenia
• Manatees
• Dugongs
• Cetaceans
• Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales
• Toothed Odontocetes i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and
  Porpoises

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Manatees
Sirenians
Trichechus manatus (Florida manatee)
Dugong
Dugong dugon (Dugong)
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TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends)

• Carnivora
• Polar Bears
• Sea Otters
• Pinnipeds
• Sea Lions and Fur Seals Otarids
• Seals - Phocids
• Walruses - Odobenids
• Sirenia
• Manatees
• Dugongs
• Cetaceans
• Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales
• Toothed Odontocetes i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and
  Porpoises

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I am not a porpoise!!
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Dolphin vs Porpoise
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TEDS ANATOMY
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Which one is Ted?
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RESTRAINT AND HANDLING - WILD CAPTURE

• Equipment
• Nets and ropes
• Stretchers
• Pulleys
• Manpower

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TRAINING TED

• Reduces risk of injury and stress
• Important behaviors
• Tail fluke
• Genital slit
• Urination
• TRAINING IS KEY!

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Im such a good boy!
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RESTRAINT AND HANDLING OF TED

• Restraint out of water
• More likely to injure himself than you
• Stay close to his body
• Be careful not to restrict his breathing
• Place hand on rostrum to keep mouth closed
• Keep tail under control at all times!!

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I learned the hard way!!
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TEDS PHYSICAL EXAM

• Healthy Ted
• Venipuncture
• Auscultation and percussion
• Injections

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Healthy Ted

• Attitude
• Interested in and follows people
• Rests by maintaining neutral buoyancy
• Eyes
• Tears very thick
• Pupil shape
• Mouth
• 80-104 total teeth
• Clear mucus glands
• Skin
• No sebaceous glands
• Easily lacerated or contused

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Healthy Ted

• Blowhole
• Fresh to slightly fishy breath odor
• Occasional white, foamy fluid
• Body Condition
• No neck
• Plump
• Stool
• Greenish-tan watery
• Occasionally may float
• Urine
• Light to dark amber, clear

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Teds Blood(Venipuncture)

• Needle inserted at a perpendicular angle to
• the keel
• The blood of dolphins has a prolonged clotting
  time (lacks factor 12)

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Teds Heart and Lungs (Auscultation and
percussion)

• Conventional stethoscope in plastic sleeve
• Placed over lower third of thorax just caudal and
  slightly ventral to the pectoral fin

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Teds Heart and Lungs (Auscultation and
percussion)

• Respiratory
• Rate 1-4 times per minute
• Measured over a 5 minute period
• Heart
• Rate is generally 40-130 bpm
• Sinus arrhythmia is common

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Injecting Ted

• IV injections
• Subcutaneous injections
• Possible and sometimes done for fluid therapy
• IM injections
• Between the dorsal and lateral spinous processes
  of the vertebrae

That better only be a 22 gauge!
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IF TED WAS SICK

• Poor appetite
• Evident weight loss
• Unusual behavior
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Discharges from the
• blowhole or nostrils
• Foul breath
• Discolored or cloudy urine
• Skin damage

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COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS

• Skin wounds
• Bacterial infections
• Fungal infections
• Dental disease
• Gastric Ulcers
• Gastric foreign objects

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DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES

• Radiographs
• Ultrasound
• Endoscopy
• CT Scan
• MRI

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REFERENCES

• Borecky, Richard. MSU CVM Class of 2003
• Gulland, Ph.D.,VetM.B.,MRCVS, Frances, (2000)
  Concepts In Marine Mammal Medicine
• Rommel, Ph.D., Sentiel, (2000) Concepts In
  Marine Mammal Medicine
• Tarpley, D.V.M., Ph.D. Raymond (2000) Concepts
  In Marine Mammal Medicine
• Van Bonn D.V.M., William (2000) Concepts In
  Marine Mammal Medicine
• Photos courtesy of www.davidfleetham.com and
  www.corbis.com

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QUESTIONS?