Ovaries

1
Ovaries

• By Carla Fera Gina Rossetti

2
Physical Description

• Ovaries have an oval shape.
• It is located at the lateral wall of the pelvis
  in a region called the ovarian fossa.
• Theyre attached to the outer layer of the uterus
  through ovarian ligaments.

3
Molecular Description

• Follicular Cells- the outermost layer that
  consists of flat epithelial cells. They cover the
  ovary.
• Granulosa Cells- they go around the follicular
  cells. Their tissue is straitified.
• Tunica Albuginea- a covering of the cortex. This
  is made of short connective fibers.
• Cortex- this layer is composed of connective
  tissue cells. It has many follicles surrounding
  it. The cortex thins out with age.
• Ovarian Medulla- the innermost layer that
  contains many blood vessels. This looks similar
  to the cortex but it does not have follicles.

4
Chemical Description

• The hormones that ovaries produce are estrogen
  and progesterone.
• Estrogen is mainly produced in the ovaries but
  smaller amounts are found in the liver, adrenal
  glands, and breasts. Estrogen main functions is
  to ready the body for conception and pregnancy.
  Once a woman hits menopause the production of
  estrogen drops.
• Progesterone is secreted during ovulation to
  prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.
  If the egg is not fertilized, then progesterone
  levels drop and the womans menstrual period
  begins.

5
Pictures
Illustrated
Molecular
Actual
6
Function

• The ovaries produce 1 egg every month. During
  ovulation either the left or right ovary release
  an egg that can be fertilized. When the egg is
  released it travels through the fallopian tubes
  to the uterus.
• The other function is regulate hormones.
• After a woman goes through menopause, the
  function of ovaries decreases. They significantly
  slow down their estrogen production. This
  unfortunately can lead to osteoporosis or heart
  disease. The lack of estrogen is made up by the
  small amounts of testosterone in the body, which
  gets converted to estrogen.

7
Other Organs

• After an egg is released from an ovary it travels
  through the fallopian tubes. The egg is pushed
  along by many cilia within the inner tubes.
• The egg is then implanted in the uterus, which
  protects and the embryo.
• When the embryo is fully developed it is
  delivered through the vagina, or birth canal.

8
Diseases Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

• Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a problem that
  causes hormonal unbalances. Tiny cysts begin to
  grow on the ovaries. Since the ovaries make small
  amount of testosterone, PCOS causes the ovaries
  to produce more.
• Symptoms acne, weight gain, growth of body hair,
  irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and
  cysts grow on the ovaries.
• PCOS can be caused by hormone changes. It also
  runs in families.
• Treatment exercise and healthy diet to lose the
  extra and weight and regulate menstrual cycles.
  Doctors may also prescribe birth control pills,
  metformin, or fertility medicines.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Diseases Ovarian Cysts

• Ovarian cysts are fluid sacs that lie on the
  surface of an ovary. Many women develop a cyst at
  some point of their lives. Most ovarian cysts are
  harmless but in rare cases they can cause serious
  problems. Cysts vary in size and they be a small
  as a pea or a big as an orange.
• Symptoms irregular periods, pelvic pain, nausea,
  a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen
• Causes Every month follicles produces hormones
  and release an egg. Sometimes the follicle keeps
  growing which results in a cyst.
• Treatment birth control pills or surgery

11
(No Transcript)
12
Dermoid Cysts

• Dermoid cysts, otherwise called mature cystic
  teratoma, are growths that can contain hair,
  skin, fat, nails, bones, teeth, or glands. These
  cysts can grow on the ovaries, brain, sinuses, or
  the spinal cord.
• They are caused by previous cysts, infertility,
  hormonal unbalance, early menstruation.
• They are usually always benign and very rarely
  cancerous. It can cause abdominal pain if it
  ruptures, inflammation, and a fever.
• Doctors typically remove the cyst through
  conventional surgery.

13
Sources
http//www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/
sdermoid-cyst?page2 http//www.emedicinehealth.c
om/ovarian_cysts/article_em.htm http//womensheal
th.about.com/cs/ovarianconditions/a/yrovrisovuovad
s_2.htm http//www.mamashealth.com/organs/ovaries
.asp http//www.buzzle.com/articles/ovaries-funct
ion.html http//women.webmd.com/tc/polycystic-ova
ry-syndrome-pcos-topic-overview http//kidshealth
.org/parent/general/body_basics/female_reproductiv
e_system.html