Female%20Reproductive%20system

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Chapter 12 - 2

• Female Reproductive system

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OVARY

• The ovaries are the _______ of the female.
• 2 almond-shaped glands just caudal to each kidney
  (L. ovary is the _________).
• The size varies between species.
• Female reproductive cells are called __________.
• When an ovum is mature, it is OVULATED by the
  ovary and caught by the oviduct.

• Formed by epithelial cells
• Network of connective tissue where the
• follicles are embedded, and these
• contain the ova.

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OVARY - FUNCTION

• Ovulation
• Hormonal secretion
• _______________
• induces female characteristics and uterine
  preparation.
• Progesterone
• prepares the _________ to receive the fertilized
  ovum

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OVIDUCTS UTERINE (FALLOPIAN) TUBE
The funnel-shaped portion of ovarian-end is
called the __________________________, which has
fingerlike processes called FIMBRIA that catch
the ovulated egg

• Ducts for the ova
• Fertilization usually takes place in the oviduct
• There is one oviduct for each ovary
• One end is attached to the uterine horn and the
  other end is adjacent to the ovary (not attached)

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UTERUS

• Metra, hystero
• Thick-walled hollow organ that lies ventral to
  colon, dorsal to bladder
• Composed of the uterine body,__________ , and
  uterine horns

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PYOMETRA
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UTERUS

• 3 layered wall
• ________ endometrium,
• middle ______________
• outer perimetrium
• continuous with peritoneum ______________________
  ____________________

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UTERUS - FUNCTION

• Prepares for the _____________ of the fetus
• Develops specialized structures for attachment of
  placenta
• Produces uterine milk to nourish the embryo
  before implantation
• Maintains and supports developing fetus
• _____________ to move fetus into birth canal

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CERVIX (neck)

• Composed of smooth muscle arranged in a ring like
  structure called a ______________
• It prevents foreign bodies from entering the
  uterus during gestation
• _________________
• During estrus it relaxes to allow sperm to enter.
  

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CERVIX
VAGINA
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VAGINA

• Caudal to cervix, cranial to vulva
• Elastic tube of smooth muscle
• FUNCTION
• Place for penis to insert for copulation
• Receives semen,
• Passage of _________________
• Birth canal for neonate

Oviduct
Ovary
Uterine Horn
Uterine Body
Cervix
Vagina
Urethral opening
Clitoris
Vulva
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VULVA

• Lips of the vagina
• Located ventral to anus
• _______________ organ of erectile tissue
• and stimulation located on the ventral vulva
• Urethra is located where the vagina and vulva
  join
• Consists of the vaginal orifice, vestibular
  glands, clitoris, hymen, and the urethral orifice

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MAMMARY GLANDS

• Milk-producing structures located along the
  ventral surface of litter-bearing animals
• Animals used for milk production glands are
  located in _____________ region with 2-4 teats
• Made of fatty and connective tissue with
  milk-secreting cells (alveoli) around a duct
• FUNCTION produce milk for the feeding of the
  neonate or to be sold for human consumption
• __________________stimulates milk production,
  while OXYTOCIN stimulates ________________

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ESTROUS CYCLE

• ESTROUS reoccurring set of physiological and
  behavioral changes that take place from one
  period of ____________ to another
• Onset is at puberty and continues for the
  animals life (no menopause for estrous cycle)
• Controlled by hormones from the ovaries and the
  pituitary gland
• __________________________________________________
  ________________________

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ESTROUS CYCLE

• POLYESTRUS, meaning that they
• have multiple cycles of estrus throughout the
  year.
• _____________________________ animals have
  multiple estrus cycles only during certain
  seasons of the year.
• Horses and cats cycle during periods of
  ___________ daylight
• ____________________ cycle during periods of
  decreased daylight.

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ESTROUS CYCLE

• Diestrous _____________
• INDUCED OVULATORS
• _____________, rabbits, ferrets
• llamas, minks

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OVULATION

• Ova within the follicles in the ovaries begin to
  develop -gt they reach ripened follicle size
  ___________ follicle -gt One or more of the
  graafian follicles rupture -gt ovum is expelled
  from ovary into the ___________________

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HORMONE CHANGES
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ESTROUS CYCLE

• Proestrus leading to estrus
• Estrus MATING
• Metestrus
• Diestrus
• Anestrus time when no reproductive event

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PROESTRUS

• The ovary develops follicles
• Pituitary gland -gt ____-gt
• stimulates follicles in
• ovary -gt____________
• prepares the body for pregnancy
• Teasing but does
• not allow to ___________

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ESTRUS

• HEAT
• Period of sexual desire
• Surge of estrogen -gt surge of ____________
• Developed follicles ovulate, or rupture -gt
  release ovum ___________________

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METESTRUS

• Period after desire
• The ruptured follicle becomes a CORPUS LUTEUM (
  ____________ ), which secretes
  ___________________
• Prepares an animals uterus for pregnancy
• Inhibits follicular development.

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DIESTRUS PREGNANT

• Period between estrus periods when the animal
  does not copulate
• The CL is at its maximal size and has its maximal
  effect
• If the animal is pregnant, the body continues to
  prepare itself for the ____________________
• The CL continues to produce progesterone, and
  prevents further ____________ cycles until after
  the fetus is born

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DIESTRUS NOT PREGNANT

• The CL decreases in size and becomes a
  ___________________________
• decreases the amount of progesterone and allows
  the cycle to continue
• Diestrus -gt pregnancy,
• false pregnancy, anestrus,
• proestrous

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ANESTRUS

• Not present in all animals
• ____________dont have this
• stage
• Copulation does not occur and there is no ovarian
  activity
• Long dogs
• Seasonally polyestrous in anestrus between
  seasons sheep, cat

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PREGNANCY

• Period between conception and parturition
• After fertilization occurs, the cells of the
  _______________ begin to divide as it travels to
  the uterus
• There it will attach to the endometrium
  (________________) and develop a
  _________________ (connection of the fetus to the
  mother by way of an umbilical cord to exchange
  nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and waste
  products)
• After implantation, the embryo becomes
  a___________

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GESTATION PERIOD

• HORSE 336
• COW _______________
• GOAT/SHEEP 150
• PIG 114
• DOG/CAT 63

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