THE DEFORESTATION OF THE Amazonian rainforest

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THE DEFORESTATION OF THE Amazonian rainforest
A global problem

• Presented by
• I.I.S.S. BOSELLI SAVONA

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• The rainforest a fantastic structure
• The wonders of nature
• The climate
• People in the forest
• The resources of the forest
• The importance of the forest for life
• The abuse of the forest resources
• How are these areas used?
• We have to solve this problem
• Rescue is arriving!

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Rainforest Wonder of the world
The rainforest is the most extensive coverage
of the arboreal. It is located across the
equatorial belt of the globe, between the two
tropics. We find it in
How they are distributed on the planet
SHOWN IN GREEN
ASIA India, Indonesia, Birmania, Thailandia,
China, New Guinea.
AFRICA Nigeria and Congo.
AMERICA Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela,Colombia,
Costa Rica, Suriname, Ecuador, Perù and Bolivia.
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A fantastic structure
The vegetation in the last layer isnt deciduous
too. Thanks to the high humidity, trees can reach
the height of 70 meters.
In the third layer there are evergreen plants
that can measure about 30 - 40 meters height.
The forest has a complex morphology, and so we
distinguish the tropical forest in different
layers
The second layer is composed of woody plants
that grow from 3 to 5 metres.
The lowest layer consists of plants that dont
exceed one meter height.
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The wonders of the forest

• In the rainforest there is the biggest varieties
  of flora of the planet. It is rich in
  biodiversity compared to any other place. We find
  many species of plants such as giant plants like
  choker ficus, red cedar, Kapok and many other
  species.

THE KAPOK!
WHAT A WONDER THE FOREST
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The wonders of the fauna
How various is this fauna?

• In this case too there is a big variety of
  species. We can find bugs, poisonous amphibians,
  snakes and crocodiles, colorful birds like
  parrots. There are also fish like piranhas and
  finally mammals like monkeys and the frightening
  jaguar.

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The climate

• The climate of equatorial zone is really
  particular.

There arent seasons similar to ours we find
only the rainy one so there isnt any lack of
water.
There are warm temperatures at about 30 degrees,
with a constant humidity, that arrives at 90.
When rains are particular abundant, rivers level
increases of 10 meters, forests are completely
flooded, and so we can find piranhas and very
rare animals like the pink dolphin among trees.
Rains take away some ground nutrients, on the
contrary the lush vegetation produces abundant
humus.
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The rivers of the forest

• The most important rivers are
• Amazon river in Southern America
• Congo in Central Africa
• Mekong in the southeast of Asia

It has the biggest catchment area higher than
1000 km and its the second longest in the world.
They are really important for the equatorial
zones. They have a regular and abundant
regime all year long because of the rains.
Amazon river
It has the second catchment area in the world.
Congo
With his tributaries it wets all southeastern
Asia.
Mekong
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People in the forest

• The equatorial forest is one of the least
  populated in the planet, there is a lower density
  than in the other parts of the world. That is
  caused by the uncomfortable warmth and by
  dangerous animals.

Zambos born from the African ethnicity and the
local one.
The inhabitants are called INDIOS and they are
divided according to their ethnicity
Mulattoes born from the African ethnicity and
the European one.
Mestizos born from the local ethnicity and the
European one.
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Visit the forest

• The rainforest isnt a good and easy place to
  live in to visit it you have to respect a lot
  of rules. Its also true that it represents a
  great local touristic resource.

You must respect all the rules of the zone and
you mustnt turn on any fire. It may flare up a
fire.
To get inside you have to land at Manaus, the
most important city built in the heart of the
forest.
After that, when you are settled you have to
bring some sources of water and food and
you have to be accompanied by an expert guide to
go inside.
It will even be difficult but in the end, the
show will make you ecstatic.
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The resources of the forest

• The forests ecosystem is really fragile.
• The rainforest provides a big quantity of
  resources.
• There is a big deposit of minerals and much
  water and timber.
• In Paraguay and Brazil it was built one of the
  biggest hydroelectric central of the planet.

These natural resources are really precious
because they are fundamental for the life of the
forest in fact this ecosystem is also called the
green gold. Its also important because in the
deforested zones the warm climate makes it
possible to grow many kinds of vegetables and
food.
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The importance of the forest for life
The rainforest has also the nickname of lungs of
the Earth, because vegetation uses water and in
particular carbon gas to produce carbohydrates
and oxygen during the photosynthesis.
Finally Forest Life
6CO2 6H2O Solar Energy
C6H12O66O2
You can observe in the formula that when there
is the sun light plants produce additional oxygen
which goes into the atmosphere making it
breathable by heterotrophic beings.
The plants always breath, but it isnt true
that they use only oxygen during the day and
carbon gas during the night. This fact happens
minute by minute.
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The abuse of the forest resources
!

• Inside the forest, these resources like the
  other natural resources in the world, arent used
  correctly in fact we abuse of them.

The damages provoked to the forest
To do space for the agricultural zones. Deforested or burnt hettars of wood.
To do space for the agricultural zones. Many local people are banned from their lands
To do space for the agricultural zones. Many protected species are killed.
Use of fossil fuels and toxic substances Pollution in the forest
Use of fossil fuels and toxic substances Pollution in the rivers
Use of fossil fuels and toxic substances Species endangered
Look at that disaster!
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How are these areas used?

• These deforested areas are used in many ways

Agriculture
Pastures
Factories
In particular they are used for growing food,
such as soy, sugar cane, pineapples and
coffee. This causes an impoverishment of the
land which isnt grown at fallow they dont
alternate old and new lands. The intense rains
prevent the vegetation from blooming again and so
it causes a desertification. Finally the
polluting substances from industries go into the
ground.
To find solutions its absolutely necessary to
put heavy taxes to the people who cut the trees
and we will have to alternate the growing plants.
But its only the beginning!.
!
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We have to solve this problem

• Man has always needed Nature to feed himself,
  but there is a limit to everything!
• The 80 of the forest is still unspoiled but
  the deforestation is increasing!
• First it is necessary to do accurate controls,
  to find all the illegal activities that take
  place in this zone.
• Authorities should help the institutions that
  keep this fantastic and delicate ecosystem alive.

We must rescue the endangered species
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Rescue is arriving!
Fortunately we arent the first people who
realize that the rainforest and so the global
climate is in danger. Many institutions have
taken some measures about this topic.
National parks
In the north of the forest in Brazil there is
one of the most important and well equipped
national parks in the world. We may call it the
Yellowstone Park of the Amazon its Manus
Park.
They welcome species in danger!
W the biodiversity!
Manus park occupies a part of the forest
of approximately 20000 squared km. its really
difficult to be classified as it is
estimated that for every hectare of this region
there are 500 different species of plants and
about 400 species of animals live there.
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Thank you very much for your attention!!
Giulia Canepa Evelyn Ezzembergher Valeria
Parlato Anna Tarchetti