Fad Diets and Eating Disorders

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Fad Diets and Eating Disorders (Chapter 6,
Lesson 2)
Robert Granger Nora King Megen Miller Audrey
Jones Jennifer Owens
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Target Audience

• Grade Level Ninth Grade
• Ages 14-15

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What's the BIG deal?

• Fad Diets are becoming more prevalent
• 15.4 of female high school and college students
  meet clinical standards for an eating disorder
• Young males proportion has risen by 10
• Usually between 13-14 years old

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Why do adolescents develop eating disorders?

• Six Factors
• Biological factors
• Social Factors
• Cultural Factors
• Psychological factors
• Family Factors
• The Media

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Biological Factors

• Individuals may be genetically disposed to
  developing eating disorders
• Studies show that people with a mother/sister
  with an eating disorder are more likely to
  develop disordered eating

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Social Factors

• Problems in relationships may cause someone to
  develop an eating disorder
• Appearance-obsessed friends of family member, and
  boyfriends/girlfriends may encourage unhealthy
  loss of weight
• People fear social situations and may sometimes
  feel lonely

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Cultural Factors

• Some cultures may place unrealistic demands on
  weight and body size
• Thinness may be a key element of attractiveness
• Western culture striving for success causes
  people to link self-esteem to weight

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Psychological Factors

• Perfectionism
• Need for control of everything in life,
  especially the body
• Adolescents who feel overwhelmed and powerless
  desire to control something, and sometimes
  controlling body weight comes first

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Family Factors

• Overprotective families
• Some parents put more emphasis on body image and
  physical appearance of their children
• Limiting childrens access to food or treats may
  cause children to overeat when they arent
  hungry. This can set a stage for an eating
  disorder.

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The Media

• Majority of celebrities that adolescents see on
  television are thin beautiful, happy people.
• Many advertisements say You are not acceptable
  the way you are, but if you but this product you
  will be happy
• Fashion magazines are filled with super-skinny
  models and weight loss advice.

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Risky Weight Loss Strategies
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Fad Diets

• Liquid Protein Shakes
• Low Carbohydrate Diets
• Diet Pills

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Risky Behaviors

• Self Starvation
• Binging and Purging

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Weight Cycling

• Focus on Lifestyle Changes

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Most Prevelant Types of Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binge Eating Disorder
• Adonis Complex

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Anorexia Nervosa
Defined as the relentless pursuit of thinness.

• Weighs 85 less than what is expected of their
  height
• Young girls that do not menstruate appropriately
• Discontinuing or slow onset of puberty
• Terrified of becoming fat
• Compulsive rituals and strange eating habits

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Bulimia Nervosa
Identified as being a disorder that consist of
dieting, binging, and purging.

• Persons who diets and then binge eats after
  becoming hungry
• Feels out of control while eating
• Tries to undo binge by vomiting, laxatives,
  exercise or fasting
• Weight may be normal to slightly below normal

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Binge Eating Disorder
Defined as being a person who frequently consumes
large amounts of food.

• Feels out of control and cannot stop eating
• May eat rapidly or secretly
• Feels guilty or ashamed of binge eating
• Has a history of diet failures
• Tends to be depressed or obese

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Adonis Complex
Defined as simply being a disorder that involves
male body image concerns.

• Use of Anabolic Steroids or Dietary supplements
• Sole purpose is improving appearance
• Rapid fluctuations of weight
• Preoccupation with a model appearance
• May show symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder,
  Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa.

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Overcoming the Odds
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How can I apply this to my life?

• Signs
• Symptoms
• Treatment

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Signs Anorexia Nervosa

• Dramatic Weight Loss
• Preoccupation with weight, food, calories, fat
  grams, dieting
• Consistent avoidance of mealtimes
• Withdrawal from friends
• Pronounced emotional changes
• Wearing over-sized clothing

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Signs of Bulimia Nervosa

• Disappearance of large amounts of food
• Frequent trips to bathroom after eating
• Unusual swelling of cheeks or jaw area
• Calluses and scars on back of hands and knuckles
• Discolored or stained teeth
• Rigid exercise regimen

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Signs of Binge Eating Disorder

• Eat a large quantity of food, until uncomfortably
  full
• Eat quickly
• Unable to control what or how much they are
  eating
• Low self-esteem
• Obsessed about food and body image
• Gain and lose weight often

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Signs of Adonis Complex

• Excessive Exercise
• A preoccupation with a model appearance
• Dangerous techniques
• Depressed feelings
• Need to constantly reassured that he looks good

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Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa

• Intense fear of gaining weight or being fat
• Loss of menstrual periods
• Indifference to excessive weight loss
• Dizziness, blackouts, difficulty concentrating
• Trouble sleeping
• Pain when sitting down
• Disturbance in body image

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Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

• Irregular heartbeats, possibly heart failure and
  death
• Potential for gastric rupture
• Inflammation and possible rupture of esophagus
• Tooth decay and staining
• Chronic irregular bowel movement and constipation
• Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis

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Symptoms Binge Eating Disorder

• Shortness of Breathe
• Decreased Mobility
• Depression or Anxiety
• Strain on relationships due to keeping eating
  activities a secret
• Feeling Powerless
• Avoidance from activities

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Symptoms of Adonis Complex

• Strong need to be in control
• Perfectionism
• Avoids conflict, tries to keep the peace
• Feeling of worthlessness
• Social isolation
• Depression
• Moodiness and Irritability

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Treatment for Disordered Eating

• Comprehensive Assessment
• -Physical Exam
• -Nutritional Counseling
• -Psychiatric Evaluation
• Coordinated Care Plan
• Psychotherapy
• Inpatient Treatment or Hospitalization
• Medication

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What to do if someone close to you has an eating
disorder..

• Set a time to talk
• Communicate your concerns
• Ask your friend to explore these concerns
• Avoid conflicts or a battle of the wills
• Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt
• Avoid giving simple solutions
• Express your continued support

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How does the Media Impact the way we See
Ourselves?

• Positively
• Negatively

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Positives

• The Dove advertisements that express beauty in
  ever age, color, and size
• Healthy dieting such as, following the food guide
  pyramid
• Weight loss television shows that help
  contestants lose weight in a healthy way

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Negatives

• Idealization of thinness
• You re not good enough unless you are thin
• Very thin and beautiful celebrities in magazines
• Very thin models
• Demonizing those who dont wear a size 6

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Did you know?

• Average Size of an American Women
• Height 5ft. 3.5 in.
• Weight 143 lbs
• Chest 35.9 in.
• Waist 29 in.
• Hip 39 in.

• Average size of a supermodel
• Height 5ft. 9 in.
• Weight 110-115 lbs
• Chest 33 in.
• Waist 23 in.
• Hip 33in.