Teaching Tools for Clients and Students

1
Setting the Record Straight The Truth About Fad
Diets
2
Obesity

• Over 50 percent of Americans are overweight.
• One in three adults is obese. Why?
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Poor food choices
• Obsession with dieting
• Lack of time

3
The U.S. Diet Industry

• Almost 40 billion per year industry, includes
• Diet books
• Diet foods
• Diet programs
• Weight-loss gimmicks

4
Do You Remember?

• 1960 Drinking Mans Diet Steak and Wine
• 1967 Dr. Stillmans Diet
• 1972 Dr. Atkins Diet
• 1973 Richard Simmons Fitness Guru
• 1978 Scarsdale Diet
• 1979 Pritikin Diet

• 1980 Beverly Hills Diet
• 1981Cabbage Soup Diet
• 1988 Optifast Liquid Diet
• 1991 Protein Power
• 1991Fen Phen Diet Pill
• 1995 Enter the Zone
• 1997 Fen Phen pulled from market

5
Enter the Zone
Protein Power
Sugar Busters!
Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution
The Anti-Aging Zone
The Cabbage Soup Diet
Dr. Bob Arnots Revolutionary Weight Control
Program
6
Fad Diets

• Fad Diet Weight loss plans that are only
  popular for a short time
• Weight lost usually regained
• Hard to stick with because they limit food
  variety
• Expensive
• Restrict certain foods
• Body wont get essential nutrients
• Often seen in Advertisements

7
How to Recognize a Fad Diet

• Is the author credible?
• Diets that advocate
• Magic or miracle foods
• Rapid weight loss/quick fix
• No exercise
• Rigid menus, good vs. bad foods, specific
  food combinations
• Recommendations based on a single study or
  studies published without a peer review
• Sounds too good to be true

8
Fad Diet Alert!

• Steer clear of these claims
• Fast, easy weight loss
• Breakthrough miracle
• Banish fat
• Secret formula, new discovery
• Cure
• Balances hormones
• Enzymatic process

9
DIETS DONT WORK50 of Americans Diet Annually

• Average diet lasts 42 days
• Only 5 -10 percent maintain a significant weight
  loss
• ( 10 percent or more of starting weight)
• No scientific data from commercial programs
• No scientific data from any diet-book programs
• Some cause significant health problems

Source John Foreyt, Baylor College of Medicine
10
Dieter Beware Current Fad Diets

• Enter the Zone
• Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution
• Protein Power
• Dr. Arnots Revolutionary Weight Control Program
• Sugar Busters!
• Eat 4 Your Blood Type

11
NO RESEARCH TO SUPPORT DIETS

• All six diets reviewed
• Lack Research
• Use testimonials
• Base validity on opinions not facts
• Lack any peer review

12
ENERGY 101

• Calories are supplied by
• Carbohydrates
• Fat
• Protein
• More Calories In less Calories Out Weight
  Gain
• Less Calories In more Calories Out Weight
  Loss

13
CARBOHYDRATES

• Carbohydrate Intake ? Glucose Insulin
  Energy
• Extra glucose
• Glycogen stores
• Fat stores

14
High Protein DietsCommon Claims

• Lose weight quickly
• Never be hungry
• Carbohydrate intake creates
• Increased appetite
• Addiction to sugar
• High blood sugar
• Insulin resistance
• Increased body fat

15
INSULIN A Closer Look

• Insulin Resistance The cells in our bodies are
  resistant to absorbing insulin and glucose to use
  for energy so glucose must be stored as fat.

16
INSULIN A Closer Look

• Insulin Resistance The cells in our bodies are
  resistant to absorbing insulin and glucose to use
  for energy so glucose must be stored as fat.
• High Protein Diet Theory 75 of Americans are
  insulin resistant. A high carbohydrate intake
  leads to a dramatic surge of insulin. Because of
  insulin resistance, the glucose cannot be used
  for energy so it is stored as fat. Therefore
  carbohydrates make you FAT!

17
INSULIN The Reality

• 10-25 of Americans are insulin resistant
• Most with insulin resistance are
• Obese
• Sedentary (insulin receptor sites and glycogen
  stores are full. Glucose stored as fat.)
• Treatment
• Increase activity and decrease weight. This will
  deplete glycogen stores and increase blood
  glucose absorption. Less insulin is needed.

18
High Protein DietsThe Inefficient Energy Machine

• Protein breakdown Energy Nitrogen
• Fat breakdown (no glucose) Energy Ketones
  
• Increased fluid requirements
• Increased electrolyte loss
• Increased strain on kidneys and liver
• Increased uric acid in blood (gout)
• Ketosis

19
Ketones in Blood Ketosis Acidic waste from
fat breakdown in the absence of carbohydrate.

• Ketosis
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Decreased appetite
• Dehydration
• Electrolyte Imbalance

• Lethargy
• Bad Breath acetone evaporation in lungs
• Bone Loss Calcium buffers changes in blood pH

20
High Protein Diets A Closer Look

• Low in calories 1200 or less
• High in protein / low in carbohydrate
• Low in vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals
• High in saturated fat and cholesterol
• Increased risk for
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cancer
• Osteoporosis

21
High Protein DietsCommon Claims

• Lose weight quickly
• Never be hungry
• Carbohydrate intake creates
• Increased appetite
• Addiction to sugar
• High blood sugar
• Insulin resistance
• Increased body fat

22
Enter the Zone
Protein Power
Sugar Busters!
Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution
The Anti-Aging Zone
The Cabbage Soup Diet
Dr. Bob Arnots Revolutionary Weight Control
Program
23
Sugar Busters!H. Leighton Steward Morrison C.
Berthea, M.D. Sam S. Andrews, M.D. and Luis A.
Balart, M.D.
Premise Sugar is toxic, causing the body to
release insulin and store excess glucose as body
fat. High glycemic index foods should be
eliminated. Minimal fluids with meals so
digestive juices are not diluted. (1200
kcal) Negative Health Implications Kidney and
liver damage, fatigue, weakness and irritability.
Vitamin and mineral deficiency. ? Risk for
heart disease.
24
Sugar Busters!H. Leighton Steward Morrison C.
Berthea, M.D. Sam S. Andrews, M.D. and Luis A.
Balart, M.D.
High Glycemic Index Foods Carrots Potatoes Bee
ts Pasta Bread (refined flour) Rice
(white) Fruit (must be eaten by itself)
25
Enter the ZoneBarry Sears, Ph.D.
Premise Zone A metabolic state where the
mind is relaxed and focused and the body is fluid
and strong. Follow rigid, obscure rules, such as
eating in macronutrient blocks and limiting
carbohydrates. Negative Health Implications
Nutrient deficiency, increased risk of coronary
heart disease, high cholesterol.
26
Enter the ZoneBarry Sears, Ph.D.

• Claims
• Weight easy to lose on 403030 plan
• Carbohydrates make you fat because 75 of
  Americans are genetically defective and over
  produce insulin. We must achieve an insulin
  zone.
• Diet lowers risk for disease by decreasing
  production of bad eicosanoids (hormones).

27
Protein PowerMichael Eades, M.D. and Mary Eades,
M.D.
Premise Low in fiber, high in fat, claims human
body has no physical need for carbohydrates
should be completely avoided. Success of diet is
demonstrated by the sales and popularity of the
book. Negative Health Implications Increased
risk for coronary heart disease, high
cholesterol, nutrient deficiency.
28
Dr. Bob Arnots Revolutionary Weight Control
ProgramRobert Arnot, M.D.
Premise Foods are drugs Some make you feel
good and others make you feel bad (crack).
Refined carbohydrates can cause rapid weight
gain. A diet low in carbohydrates and high in
protein will decrease hunger and lead to weight
loss. Negative Health Implications May take a
psychological toll on its followers by labeling
foods good and bad. Avoiding these foods
causes a person to miss out on valuable nutrients.
29
Dr. Atkins New Diet RevolutionRobert Atkins

• Premise Carbohydrates make you fat, limit
  intake to 20g/day. Eat as much meat as you want.
  Never be hungry, lose weight fast.
• Negative Health Implications Increased risk for
  heart disease and nutrient deficiency, ketosis.
  Decreased benefits from plant based nutrients.

30
Eat 4 Your Blood TypePeter DAdamo

• Premise Blood type is an evolutionary marker of
  which foods each person will process well and
  which will be useless calories or lead to illness
  and death.
• Negative Health Implications Promotes good
  foods/ bad foods. Nutrient deficient diet
  lacking carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals.

31
Risks of Eating Disorders

• Eating Disorder Extreme, harmful eating
  behavior that can cause serious illness or even
  death
• 90 of those with eating disorders are female
• Exact cause is unknown, but can be brought on by
  the following
• Poor body image
• Culture
• Life Changes or Stressful Events
• Personality Traits
• Social and Family Pressures
• Perfectionism
• Genetics (?)
• Teens with family history of weight problems,
  depression, or substance abuse are more at risk

32
Anorexia Nervosa

• A disorder in which the irrational fear of
  becoming obese results in severe weight loss from
  self-imposed starvation
• Mostly affects girls and women (90-95), but can
  affect boys and men too
• Signs of Anorexia
• Extremely Low Calorie Intake
• Obsession with Exercising
• Emotional Problems
• An Unnatural Interest in Food
• A Distorted Body Image
• Denial of an Eating Disorder
• Confronting Anorexia.asf

33
Bulimia Nervosa

• A disorder in which some form of purging or
  clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of
  overeating.
• A person with bulimia usually follows a strict
  diet and then binges, followed by a purge
• Person may return to strict dieting to regain
  control and avoid weight
• Signs of Bulimia
• Using diet pills, or taking pills to induce
  urination or bowel movements
• Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when
  tired
• Going to the bathroom all the time after eating
  (to throw up)
• Signs of vomiting
• Swollen cheeks or jaw area
• Calluses or scrapes on knuckles (if using
  fingers)
• Teeth that look clear
• Broken blood vessels in the eyes

34
Binge Eating Disorder

• A Disorder characterized by compulsive
  overeating large amounts of food consumed at one
  time without purging
• Food often used as a coping mechanism for strong
  emotions or depression
• Consequences ? Weight Gain and Obesity
• People with Binge Eating Disorder may
• Eat more quickly then usual during binge episodes
• Eat until uncomfortably full
• Eat when not hungry
• Eat alone because of embarrassment
• Feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after
  overeating

35
Im Still Looking for the Magic!
36
Lifelong Healthy Weight

• Positive attitude
• Are you ready to change?
• Motivation Internal not external
• Health Healthy weight not lowest weight
• Increased energy
• Self esteem
• Personal control
• Eat for the long haul Choose a life-long plan

37
Take an Honest Look Why You Weigh what
You Weigh

• Activity What and how much?
• Food What and how much?
• Stress Is food your answer to lifes problems?
• Physiologic and genetic make-up
• Age and health status

38
Heres the Magic!!! Eating for good
health and eating to control weight are virtually
the same.

• Incorporate regular physical activity into your
  schedule.
• Enjoy a variety of foods from the Food Guide
  Pyramid.
• Maintain a positive attitude.

39
Physical Activity Success!

• Choose something you enjoy
• Combined total of 30 minutes most days
• Benefits
• Healthy weight!
• Healthy heart!
• Strong bones!
• Great sleep!
• Stress relief!
• Increased energy!
• Positive and confident outlook!

40
Food Guide Pyramid
41
High Carbohydrate Diet

• Increases intake of
• Fiber
• Calcium
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Antioxidants
• Phytochemicals

• Lowers risk for
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Osteoporosis
• Diabetes
• High Blood Pressure

42
Diets that Work

• Weight Watchers
• Intuitive Eating by Evelyn Tribole
• Outsmarting the Midlife Fat Cell by Debra
  Waterhouse
• Outsmarting the Female Fat Cell by Debra
  Waterhouse
• Thin for Life. 10 Keys to Success from People Who
  Have Lost Weight and Kept it Off by Anne Fletcher
• The Solution Winning Ways to Permanent Weight
  Loss by Laurel Mellin

43
Lifestyle Change

• Be realistic - Small changes over time
• Be adventurous - Expand your tastes
• Be flexible - Balance food and activity over
  several days
• Be sensible - Enjoy all food in moderation
• Be active - Walk the dog, dont just watch the
  dog walk

44
The Choice is Yours

• You are a reflection of your choices. Your life
  and health habits are yours alone to make. The
  choice is yours. Be the best you can be.