Compound Sentences Complex Sentences

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Compound SentencesComplex Sentences
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Compound Sentences

• Compound sentences - formed when 2 complete
  sentences (independent clauses) are joined
  together with a semicolon or a comma and a
  conjunction
• Ex. People saw patterns of stars in the sky, and
  they gave them names.
• People saw patterns of stars in the sky they
  gave them names.

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Coordinate Conjunctions

• Coordinate conjunctions the conjunctions that
  join sentences together to form compound
  sentences.
• and for or yet
• but so nor

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Using Nor

• Nor is a special conjunction that works a little
  differently than the other conjunctions
• V S V
• EX. I do not like orange juice, nor do I like
  apple juice.
• Notice how the second clause reverses the normal
  subject/verb order.

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Practice

• Combine the following sentences to form a
  compound sentence
• You must observe the rules. You must withdraw
  from the race. (or)
• I did well on the test. Maria did well, too.
  (and)

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects two
  independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show
  cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison,
  or other relationships.

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Conjunctive Adverbs Cont.

• Use a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb to
  separate two independent clauses joined by a
  conjunctive adverb.
• Use a comma following the conjunctive adverb.

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Conjunctive Adverbs Cont.

• Examples
• He went to the store however, he did not buy
• anything.
• Elaine wanted to high-five the friendly giant
• consequently, she had to jump to reach him.

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Conjunctive Adverbs Cont.

• Common Conjunctive Adverbs
• accordingly furthermore moreover similarly
  also hence namely still anyway
  however nevertheless then besides next
  certainly indeed nonetheless therefore
  consequently instead now thus finally
  likewise otherwise further meanwhile

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Complex Sentences

• Complex Sentences 2 complete sentences joined
  together by using a subordinate conjunction. One
  sentence becomes a dependent clause.
• Use a comma when the dependent clause comes at
  the beginning of the sentence. Do not use a
  comma if the dependent clause is found within the
  sentence.
• Ex. Before scientists invented telescopes, the
  moon was hard to investigate.
• The moon was hard to investigate before
  scientists invented telescopes.

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Subordinate Conjunctions

• after how since until
• although when so that if
• as whenever that than
• where because though unless

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Remember this important point

• A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a
  sentence because it does not provide a complete
  thought. The reader is left wondering, "So what
  happened?" A word group that begins with a
  capital letter and ends with a period must
  contain at least one main clause. Otherwise, you
  will have written a fragment, a major error.

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• After Amy sneezed all over the tuna salad.
• So what happened? Did Amy throw it down the
  garbage disposal or serve it on toast to her
  friends? No complete thought fragment.
• Once Adam smashed the spider.
• So what happened? Did Belinda cheer him for his
  bravery or lecture him on animal rights? No
  complete thought fragment.

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• Until Mr. Miller has his first cup of coffee.
• So what happens? Is he too sleepy to work, or
  does he have a grumpy disposition? No complete
  thought fragment.
• Who ate handfuls of Cheerios with his bare hands.
• So what happened? Were the roommates shocked, or
  did they ask him to pass the box so that they
  could do the same? No complete thought
  fragment.

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Practice

• Identify the dependent clause in the following
  complex sentences.
• Since historic buildings are protected by laws,
  shipwrecks should be too.
• Many beautiful ships were robbed before laws
  existed.

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Practice continued

• Combine the following sentences to form a
  complex sentence.
• A new wreck is discovered. People argue about
  its exploration. (whenever)
• Some divers will take objects from a shipwreck.
  They find it. (as soon as)

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Relative Pronouns

• Relative pronouns are used to form dependent
  clauses in complex sentences.
• EX. The child, who is wearing the overalls, is
  my cousin.
• The letter, which arrived Saturday, is from my
  father.
• I know the boy who lives in that house.
• The relative pronoun becomes the subject in the
  dependent clause

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Relative Pronouns

• who whom whomever
• whoever whose which
• that