Exercise Physiology

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Exercise Physiology

• Year 13
• Energy systems

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Energy

• Energy for muscular contraction comes from the
  breakdown of ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)

Molecule splits energy released
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Muscle contraction
ADP why is it adp?
Energy
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• ATP breaks down in the muscle cells where it
  will be used
• The body uses food for the creation of ATP
• the nutrients we extract from food are
• A)
• B)
• C)

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Carbohydrates

• Broken down into glucose
• Stored as glycogen
• Bodys preferred source of ATP can be used with
  an without oxygen

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Carbohydrates
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Fat

• Fats broken down into triglycerides or free
  fatty acids
• stored as Adipose
• Used to produce ATP
• during sub- maximal exercise
• Increase during aerobic exercise

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FAT
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Proteins

• Broken down into amino acids
• Used to create tissues
• Used to make ATP
• - in extreme physical endurance

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PROTEIN
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So.

• Nutrient use is dependant on the length and
  intensity of the exercise being performed

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ATP production

• At Rest
• ATP produced with oxygen
• - mix of carbs and fats
• What happens to the ?
• -CO2
• -H2O
• Whats this ATP used for ?

Oxygen
Glucose
Triglycerides

CO2 H20 Heat Energy
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ATP production

• During Exercise
• ATP- CP system
• Occurs without oxygen - (anaerobically)
• energy for intense exercise, 0-10 seconds
• The stores of C-P replaced after 2 minutes of
  rest

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ATP production

• During Exercise contd
• Anaerobic glycolysis ( lactic acid system)
• Anaerobic w/o oxygen
• Glycolysis breakdown of glycogen
• 30-120 secs
• high to moderate intensity exercise

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What sports would predominately use this energy
system??
Glycogen
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
NO oxygen
Lactic acid
Can not clear until rest lactic acid build
up fatigue Stop , pass out
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ATP production

• During Exercise contd
• Aerobic glycolysis (aerobic system)

Glycogen
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Sufficient oxygen
?
?
?
?
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• Fats-- require more oxygen than carbohydrates to
  produce the same amounts of energy
• SOhow does our nutritional intake affect our
  performance in
• Everyday life , jobs, Hauora
• 10km run
• Activities with our mates
• Weekend sport

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of energy contribution in exercise
ATP-CP ANAEROBIC AEROBIC EXAMPLES
100 0 0 JUMPS , THROWS
80 20 0 BASKETBALL, BASEBALL
60 20 20 SOCCER , TENNIS
40 50 10 1500 M , SLALOM SKIING
10 40 50 3000 M RUN , 800 M SWIM
5 15 80 10 KM
0 5 95 ROAD CYCLING, MARATHON
0 0 100 SHOOTING , BOWLS , DRIVING
? ? ?
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• Energy systems in use

ATP-cp
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Duration of activity
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• How would training affect the relationship
  between the energy systems?
• Systems will become more efficient
• -
• -
• Transitions between usage of each energy system
  is quicker
• -
• -

(Why does it take approx 2 mins before aerobic
system takes over as main energy system ? )
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• Because it takes that long for the oxygen uptake
  and delivery systems to provide enough oxygen
  for aerobic glycolysis.