Practice Test US History Unit Eight

1
Practice TestUS HistoryUnit Eight

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2
He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba.

• Answer
• Fidel Castro

3
This involved an invasion of Cuba.

• Answer
• Bay of Pigs

4
He lost the 1960 presidential election.

• Answer
• Richard Nixon

5
He squared off against Kennedy during the Berlin
crisis.

• Answer
• Nikita Khrushchev

6
This barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

• Answer
• Limited Test Ban Treaty

7
His religious beliefs were an important issue of
the 1960 presidential campaign.

• Answer
• John F. Kennedy

8
This strategy was intended to broaden America's
range of options during international crises
by"strengthening and modernizing the military's
ability to fight a nonnuclear war."

• Answer
• Flexible response

9
John F. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for
President in 1960, was a senator from

• a. New York.
• b. California.
• c. Texas.
• d. Massachusetts.

10
Kennedy appointed his brother, Robert, to serve as

• a. secretary of state.
• b. attorney general.
• c. secretary of defense.
• d. a justice of the Supreme Court.

11
The hot line established in 1963 did all of the
following except

• a. link the White House and the Kremlin.
• b. make communication in a crisis easier.
• c. ease Cold War tensions.
• d. barred nuclear testing.

12
Which was not a factor working against Kennedy in
the 1960 election?

• a. age
• b. Religion
• c. debate performance
• d. serious policy differences with his opponent

13
What was the main purpose of the flexible
response military strategy?

• a. to enable the United States to fight limited
  wars around the world
• b. to decrease the number of nuclear weapons
• c. to prepare for the Bay of Pigs invasion
• d. to reduce defense spending

14
What contributed to the end of the Cuban missile
crisis?

• a. America's secret promise to remove missiles
  from Turkey
• b. the discovery that the missiles had been
  removed
• c. Castro's promise to restore democracy
• d. Castro's promise to break with the Soviet Union

15
What was the main reason for the construction of
the Berlin Wall?

• a. to embarrass America
• b. to stop East Germans from fleeing to West
  Berlin
• c. to reduce Cold War tensions
• d. to demonstrate the success of communism

16
The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer
assistance to developing nations, was

• a. proposed by Kennedy and failed.
• b. proposed by Johnson and failed.
• c. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded.
• d. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.

17
Which was not a result of Kennedy's New Frontier
initiatives?

• a. expansion of the military
• b. acceleration of the space program
• c. the Peace Corps
• d. higher taxes

18
How did America react to news that the Soviet
Union was the first to put a man in space?

• a. indifference
• b. pride in human achievement
• c. determination not to lose the space race
• d. threats of military action

19
Which of the following reflects the findings of
the Warren Commission?

• a. Oswald and Ruby were part of a conspiracy.
• b. Oswald acted alone.
• c. Cuban exiles were involved.
• d. The FBI was involved.

20
This banned prayer in public schools and brought
about change in federal and state reapportionment
and the criminal justice system.

• Answer
• The Warren Court

21
In this case, the Supreme Court established the
principle of "one person, one vote."

• Answer
• Baker v. Carr

22
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that all
suspects must be "read their rights" before
questioning.

• Answer
• Miranda v. Arizona

23
These provided free or low-cost medical insurance
to welfare recipients and most Americans age 65
and older.

• Answer
• Medicare and Medicaid

24
This provided federal aid to help public and
parochial schools purchase textbooks and new
library materials.

• Answer
• Elementary and Secondary Education Act

25
This term refers to the way in which states
redraw election districts based on the changing
number of people in them.

• Answer
• Reapportionment

26
In this case, the Supreme Court required criminal
courts to provide free legal counsel to those who
could not afford it.

• Answer
• Gideon v. Wainwright

27
This legislative program summed up President
Johnson's vision for America.

• Answer
• Great Society

28
The Economic Opportunity Act did all of the
following except

• a. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries.
• b. give underprivileged preschoolers a head
  start.
• c. encourage poor people to join in public-works
  programs.
• d. create a training program for youth.

29
Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president when
Kennedy was assassinated, was

• a. never elected president by the people.
• b. an experienced politician.
• c. mistrusted because he was a Catholic.
• d. opposed to the Great Society.

30
Medicare, a federal program established for
Americans age 65 and over, was intended to provide

• a. housing.
• b. transportation.
• c. education.
• d. health insurance.

31
The Immigration Act of 1965

• a. stopped immigration from European countries.
• b. stopped immigration from non-European
  countries.
• c. ended quotas based on nationality.
• d. began quotas based on nationality.

32
What was one result of Johnson's Great Society
initiatives?

• a. a balanced budget
• b. reduction in the power of the federal
  government
• c. a conservative backlash
• d. increased taxes

33
What was the major factor in Johnson's landslide
victory over Goldwater in 1964?

• a. Johnson's domestic agenda
• b. Goldwater's liberalism
• c. Johnson's determination to fight communism in
  South Vietnam
• d. Goldwater's call for the use of nuclear
  weapons against Cuba and Vietnam

34
Which of the following groups was intended to
benefit the most from the Great Society programs?

• a. minorities and the poor
• b. white, middle-class families
• c. farmers and laborers
• d. businessmen

35
Spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom
Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention

• Answer
• Fannie Lou Hamer

36
NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of
Education case before the Supreme Court

• Answer
• Thurgood Marshall

37
Black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate
from white society

• Answer
• Malcolm X

38
Civil rights leader and minister who believed
deeply in the power of nonviolent protest

• Answer
• Martin Luther King, Jr.

39
President who demanded that Congress pass a
sweeping civil rights law but did not live to see
it enacted

• Answer
• John F. Kennedy

40
President who appointed a committee to study the
causes of urban violence

• Answer
• Lyndon B. Johnson

41
Veteran who became the first African American to
attend the University of Mississippi

• Answer
• James Meredith

42
Activist whose protest helped spark the
Montgomery bus boycott

• Answer
• Rosa Parks

43
President who ordered soldiers to protect
African-American students trying to integrate a
white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas

• Answer
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

44
Civil rights leader who became impatient with
nonviolence and called for "Black Power"

• Answer
• Stokely Carmichael

45
Which of the following affirmed the legality of
racial segregation and prompted the passage of
Jim Crow laws?

• a. the Fourteenth
• b. the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Amendment
• c. the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
• d. the decision in Morgan v. Virginia

46
Which doctrine relating to public education was
overturned by the Supreme Court decision in Brown
v. Board of Education?

• a. due process of law
• b. "separate but equal"
• c. "all deliberate speed"
• d. equal protection of the law

47
According to the Kerner Commission, what was the
main cause of urban violence?

• a. white racism
• b. school segregation
• c. black nationalism
• d. dejure segregation

48
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made segregation
illegal in which of the following?

• a. housing
• b. churches
• c. private universities
• d. public accommodations

49
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enable
federal officials to do?

• a. register voters
• b. oversee the collection of poll taxes
• c. oversee programs to test voter literacy
• d. recount votes

50
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned
discrimination in which activity?

• a. hiring an employee
• b. selling or renting a home
• c. awarding a construction contract
• d. admitting students to state universities

51
Which of the following is not associated with the
Black Power movement?

• a. Malcolm X
• b. Stokely Carmichael
• c. the Black Panthers
• d. the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

52
What was the main type of pressure exerted by the
Montgomery Improvement Association in response to
segregation on buses?

• a. social
• b. economic
• c. political
• d. physical force

53
Which of the following was not advocated by the
Black Panthers?

• a. nonviolence
• b. Black Power
• c. black nationalism
• d. community development

54
Which of the following is an example of de facto
segregation?

• a. poll taxes
• b. Jim Crow laws
• c. a concentration of urban African Americans in
  slum areas
• d. a voter literacy test given to African
  Americans in the South

55
President who used the Tonkin Gulf incident as an
excuse to deepen U.S. involvement in the Vietnam
War

• Answer
• Lyndon Johnson

56
Vietnamese forces that were supported by American
troops

• Answer
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam

57
Americans who supported strong U.S. military
efforts in Vietnam

• Answer
• Hawks

58
Top U.S. negotiator on Vietnam during Nixon's
presidency

• Answer
• Henry Kissinger

59
South Vietnamese citizens who fought against the
South Vietnamese government and American forces

• Answer
• Vietcong

60
Communist leader of the Vietnamese struggle
against the French, the Japanese, and the
Americans

• Answer
• Ho Chi Minh

61
U.S. president responsible for the Vietnamization
of the war

• Answer
• Richard Nixon

62
Communist group that took control of Cambodia in
1975

• Answer
• Khmer Rouge

63
Political organization whose goal was to win
Vietnam's independence from foreign rule

• Answer
• Vietminh

64
Organization led by Mario Savio that focused its
criticism on the nation's faceless and powerful
institutions

• Answer
• Free Speech Movement

65
___ was the United States' main goal in Vietnam.

• a. Reunifying Vietnam
• b. Containing the spread of communism
• c. Upholding the Geneva Accords
• d. Negotiating a cease-fire agreement with North
  Vietnam

66
___ served as the commander of U.S. troops in
Vietnam.

• a. Dean Rusk
• b. Clark Clifford
• c. Robert McNamara
• d. William Westmoreland

67
In the early years of the war, a young man could
automatically be deferred from the draft by ___.

• a. getting married
• b. enrolling in college
• c. getting a job
• d. becoming a conscientious objector

68
___ did not occur in 1968.

• a. The Tet Offensive
• b. The U.S. invasion of Cambodia
• c. The assassination of Robert Kennedy
• d. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

69
___ set off the first general student strike in
U.S. history.

• a. The invasion of Cambodia
• b. The assassination of Robert Kennedy
• c. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
• d. Riots at the 1968 Democratic National
  Convention

70
After World War II, the United States aided ___
in its efforts to keep control of Vietnam.

• a. Japan
• b. China
• c. France
• d. Britain

71
___ enabled North Vietnam to send troops to South
Vietnam.

• a. The Ho Chi Minh Trail
• b. The fall of Dien Bien Phu
• c. The strategic hamlet program
• d. Operation Rolling Thunder

72
The main purpose of the War Powers Act was to ___.

• a. expand the power of the military
• b. expand the power of the president
• c. restrict the power of the military
• d. restrict the power of the president

73
___, founded by Tom Hayden and Al Haber, charged
that corporations and large government
institutionshad taken over America.

• a. Students for a Democratic Society
• b. The Free Speech Movement
• c. The New Left
• d. The Hardhats

74
___ was/were most effective in convincing the
American public that the war was not winnable.

• a. Body counts
• b. The Tet Offensive
• c. The actions of Students for a Democratic
  Society
• d. The invasion of Cambodia

75
In the 1968 presidential campaign, which of the
following candidates would a dove most likely
have favored?

• a. George Wallace
• b. Richard Nixon
• c. Eugene McCarthy
• d. Hubert Humphrey

76
Which of the following did President Nixon say
would bring about "peace with honor" in Vietnam?

• a. the Vietnamization of the war
• b. the Americanization of the war
• c. the domino theory
• d. the Geneva Accords

77
Which president asked Congress for the Tonkin
Gulf Resolution?

• a. Richard Nixon
• b. Lyndon Johnson
• c. John Kennedy
• d. Dwight Eisenhower

78
What was the main purpose of introducing the
"body count"?

• a. to persuade Americans that a Vietcong
  surrender was imminent
• b. to motivate U.S. soldiers to desire revenge
• c. to build antiwar sentiment in the United
  States
• d. to show that the war could not be won without
  U.S. involvement

79
Which of the following statements regarding the
Democratic candidates for president in the 1968
election is true?

• a. Robert Kennedy was assassinated after narrowly
  losing the party's nomination.
• b. Hubert Humphrey was guaranteed the party's
  nomination before the national convention took
  place.
• c. Eugene McCarthy voluntarily dropped out of the
  race before the national convention took place.
• d. Lyndon Johnson announced at the national
  convention that he would not seek the party's
  nomination.

80
Which administration's efforts to mislead the
American people were revealed by the publication
of the Pentagon Papers?

• a. Richard Nixon's
• b. Lyndon Johnson's
• c. John Kennedy's
• d. Dwight Eisenhower's

81
Which of the following statements best defines
the domino theory?

• a. If one country falls to communism, others in
  the region will fall, too.
• b. Communism will topple the global economy.
• c. Communism will cause the fall of the United
  States.
• d. Socialist governments are a threat to freedom.

82
Against whom did the ARVN fight?

• a. France
• b. United States
• c. North Vietnam
• d. South Vietnam

83
Which statement best summarizes the opinion of
Martin Luther King, Jr., about African-American
troops in the Vietnam War?

• a. He was happy and proud that these men could
  serve their country.
• b. He believed it was unfair that they were
  fighting for a country that treated them unfairly
  at home.
• c. He believed that the number of African
  Americans fighting was proportionate to the
  population.
• d. He believed that if African Americans
  displayed courage on the battlefield, they would
  earn civil rights at home.

84
___ helped call attention to women's needs by
writing the book The Feminine Mystique.

• Answer
• Betty Friedan

85
The ___ was made up mostly of white, middle-class
college youths who had grown increasingly
discontented with mainstream American society.

• Answer
• counterculture

86
In the 1970s, the group known as ___ was most
likely to help Latinos win political offices.

• Answer
• La Raza Unida

87
The slogan "Equal Pay for Equal Work" is likely
to be associated with the belief called ___.

• Answer
• feminism

88
Using peaceful tactics like product boycotts and
fasts, ___ helped farm workers win more rights,
higher wages, and other benefits.

• Answer
• Cesar Chavez

89
Early efforts of the ___ focused on bringing
about changes in the workplace, including ending
gender discrimination in hiring.

• Answer
• National Organization for Women

90
The group known as the ___ was most likely to
oppose the positions of the women's movement on a
variety of issues.

• Answer
• New Right

91
The ___ area in San Francisco is sometimes
described as "the hub of hippie life" in the
1960s.

• Answer
• Haight-Asbury

92
The militant group called the ___ organized many
uprisings to draw attention to the needs of
Native Americans.

• Answer
• American Indian Movement

93
___ was one of the most outspoken opponents of
the ERA and the women's movement.

• Answer
• Phyllis Schlafly

94
César Chávez used nonviolent means to organize
Mexican-American

• a. voters.
• b. students.
• c. farm workers.
• d. factory workers.

95
The event that was most responsible for Chávez's
group gaining negotiating power was

• a. a strike.
• b. a protest march.
• c. an act of Congress.
• d. a national boycott.

96
In the 1970s, La Raza Unida focused its efforts on

• a. educational reform.
• b. electing Latinos to public office.
• c. promoting cooperation between various Latino
  groups.
• d. reclaiming land taken from Mexican landholders
  in the 19th century.

97
The Indian Education Act gave greater control
over the education of Native Americans to

• a. state governments.
• b. Native American tribes.
• c. the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• d. the American Indian Movement.

98
In the 1970s, the American Indian Movement
organized all of the following except the

• a. occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• b. occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
• c. Trail of Broken Treatiesmarch on Washington.
• d. meeting that resulted in the Declaration of
  Indian Purpose.

99
The modern feminist movement became more
organized and focused after the

• a. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
• b. publication of The Feminine Mystique.
• c. publication of the first issue of Ms.
  magazine.
• d. founding of the National Women's Political
  Caucus.

100
Phyllis Schlafly became well known for her
efforts to

• a. get the Equal Rights Amendment ratified.
• b. defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.
• c. organize radical demonstrations for women's
  rights.
• d. reverse the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v.
  Wade.

101
The members of the counterculture movement were
mostly

• a. entertainers, artists, and musicians.
• b. Latinos and Native Americans.
• c. poor urban youths.
• d. white, middle-class college youths.

102
Conservatives placed the blame for the increasing
permissiveness in society on

• a. women and minorities.
• b. Democrats.
• c. campus rebels and the counterculture.
• d. the Beatles.

103
Which of the following was most responsible for
the UFWOC earning higher wages and better
benefits for farm workers?

• a. a strike
• b. a protest march
• c. a national boycott
• d. an act of Congress

104
On which right did Native American groups focus
in the 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose?

• a. privacy
• b. self-determination
• c. property ownership
• d. religious freedom

105
What were the demonstrations organized by the
American Indian Movement designed to do?

• a. actively confront the federal government
• b. passively resist the federal government
• c. build an alliance with other minority groups
• d. promote cooperation with the federal government

106
Whose book The Feminine Mystique inspired women
to question their lives?

• a. Phyllis Schlafly
• b. Gloria Steinem
• c. Robin Morgan
• d. Betty Friedan

107
Which group was founded specifically to address
the grievances of women that were not adequately
addressed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

• a. National Organization for Women
• b. New Right
• c. New Left
• d. Ohio Women's Suffrage Association

108
Which of the following is not considered a force
that weakened the counterculture movement?

• a. violent incidents
• b. the effects of drug use
• c. transcendental meditation
• d. dependency on mainstream America

109
Which group played a key role in helping Ronald
Reagan become president in 1980?

• a. New Right
• b. La Raza Unida
• c. National Organization for Women
• d. American Indian Movement

110
Whom did conservatives blame for the increasing
permissiveness in American society?

• a. women and minorities
• b. democrats
• c. the Beatles
• d. campus rebels and the counterculture