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European Colonization of Latin America

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Title: European Colonization of Latin America


1
European Colonization of Latin America
  • The Explorers and Conquistadors

2
Columbus
  • 1492 Columbus established a new commercial route
    to the Americas
  • Returns to New World
  • No longer an explorer
  • Now an empire builder (17 ships)

3
Conquistadors
  • Eurocentrism Europeans claimed to discover
    Am.
  • Conquistadors conquerors followed him to
    America seeking adventure wealth and glory
  • They also had a desire to spread Catholicism

4
What is going on?
  • Amerigo Vespucci new world
  • German mapmaker America
  • Magellan 5 ships 250 men
  • Killed in the Philippines
  • Disease starvation reduced crew
  • 18 men 1 ship
  • Balboa

5
Treaty of Tordesillas
  • 1494 Spain and Portugal competed for colonies
  • The Pope set a north south line dividing the
    world in two
  • Spain got lands to the West
  • Portugal got lands to the East

6
Conquistadors
  • Vasco de Balboa first European to see Pacific
    Ocean
  • Hernando Cortez defeated the Aztecs and stole
    their gold
  • Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas and
    brought to Spain their riches

7
Cortez
  • Rumors of land filled with gold and silver
  • Aztec Empire
  • Tenochtitlán capital
  • Montezuma II emperor
  • Thought Cortez was a god
  • Mont. give part of gold to Cortez
  • disease of the heart only gold can cure
  • Attack Aztecs, conquer them in 1521

8
How did they win?
  • Technology horses, armor, guns and canons made
    the Europeans better equipped for war
  • Disease smallpox wiped out ½ the Indian pop.
    in some cases
  • Help native tribes helped Cortez fight Aztecs

9
Francisco Pizarro
  • Incas Atahualpa (AhtuhWAHLpuh)
  • Ambushed Incas kidnapped Atahualpa
  • Once with gold, Twice with silver
  • Get the money, then kill him
  • Incans retreat Pizarro takes capital

10
Dividing the Spoils - Sovereignty
  • European monarchs were all interested in the
    wealth of the Americas
  • Spain and Portugal claimed Sovereignty (sole
    control) over lands in Latin America

11
Encomienda system in the Spanish Empire
  • Spanish settlers were given HUGE tracts of land
    for cultivation of cah crops, mining, or
    ranching.
  • CAH crops coffee, sugar and tobacco
  • Mestizo mixed Spanish/Native American race

12
Spain
  • Very rich Very powerful
  • Build a strong navy
  • More Expansion!!!
  • Juan Ponce de León
  • Claimed FL for Spain
  • Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
  • AZ, NM, TX, OK, KN

13
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14
The Catholic Church
  • Catholic priests est. schools, taught agriculture
    and worked to end abuses of Indians
  • Church grew rich through grants of land and
    church taxes
  • New Mexico
  • Santa Fe

15
Conclusion
  • Encomienda system under fire abolished
  • Need new source of labor
  • Africans
  • New European nations start to establish other
    colonies in the Americas
  • Like the French and English (Next Section)
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