Early Childhood: Social

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Chapter 8

• Early Childhood Social Emotional Development

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Question

• What 3 things have a strong influence on a
  childs social and emotional development?
• 1. Parents
• 2. Siblings
• 3. Peers

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1. Parents

• Have very different approaches to rearing their
  children.
• Foster the development of certain behaviors in
  their children using various techniques.
• The techniques a parent uses can be considered on
  two broad dimensions
• a. warmth-coldness and
• b. restrictiveness-permissiveness

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Warm Parents

• Affectionate toward their children (hug, kiss,
  smile at them)
• Caring, supportive
• Enjoy being with their children and communicate
  this to them
• Less likely to use physical discipline
• Proud and entertained by their childs stubborn
  behavior (even though they try to change it)

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Cold Parents

• May not enjoy being with their children
• Few feelings of affection
• Likely to complain about their child's behavior,
  ie. he is so naughty! He has a mind of his
  own!

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Restrictive Parents

• Impose many rules
• Watch children closely
• Restrictive about a lot of things, not just a few
• Consistent control and firm rules

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Permissive Parents

• Impose few, if any rules
• Supervise children less closely (though they
  still childproof the house, etc.)
• Allow children to do what is natural (be messy,
  make noise, play with their body, etc.)
• May allow aggression and intervene only when
  another child is in danger.

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Remember

• A warm parent can be restrictive or permissive.
  So can a cold parent.

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What are the 4 general Parenting Styles?
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Effects of the Situation and the Child on
Parenting Styles

• Is a reciprocal influence, parent and child
  influence each other equally.
• Children influence how their parents treat them.
• Parenting behaviors and styles often evolve as a
  consequence of the childs
• a. Age
• b. Temperament
• c. Behavior

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Effects of the Situation, cont.

• a. Age Parenting changes as the child grows.
  Parenting that is effective during the toddler
  years may not be effective during adolescence.
• Parental affection changes as children age and
  become more reserved, so warmth is harder to
  show.
• As children get older control moves from the
  parent to themselves and children are expected to
  act maturely.

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Effects of the Situation, cont.

• b. Temperament A childs temperament has a
  powerful effect on parental behavior.
• c. Behavior Childrens behavior helps determine
  how parents treat them, and the resulting
  treatment influences childrens behavior, which
  in turn causes parents to again change their
  behavior.

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2. Siblings

• Most of us have 2 siblings.
• They make a unique contribution to a childs
  social emotional and cognitive development.
• What functions to siblings serve?
• A. Physical care
• B. Emotional support/nurturance
• C. Offering advice

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b. Siblings, cont.

• Functions, cont.
• D. Serving as role models
• E. Making demands
• F. Imposing restrictions
• G. Engaging in conflict (enhances social
  competence, development of self identity, and
  ability to rear their own children)

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Know

• As peers get older, their relationship tends to
  become more equal, and the amount of conflict
  decreases.

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c. Peers

• Exert powerful socialization influences and
  pressures to conform.
• Physical and cognitive skills develop through
  peer interactions.
• Peers provide emotional support
• Peers guide children and give them practice
• A. Sharing

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C. Peers, cont.

• B. Helping
• C. Taking turns
• D. Dealing with conflict
• E. How to lead, and how to follow
• F. Coping with aggressive influences

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How do Childrens Concepts of Friendship
Develop/Change?

• 4-5 I like her toys and playing with our
  favorite toys together.
• 8-11 We like each other and share activities. We
  trust each other and will help each other when
  needed. (but if I need emotional support I will
  talk to a close family member)
• Adolescent I can trust and communicate with my
  friend which is really important to me. My friend
  is my source of social and emotional support.
  (not my close family members)