Biomes

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Biomes

• Large geographical areas characterized by a
  certain type of climax community

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Terrestrial biomes

• Temperature and rainfall are the major limiting
  factors that determine the type of climax
  community found in a given area
• a limiting factor will influence what type of
  organisms can survive in an environment

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tundra

• Very cold winters and brief growing seasons
• Permafrost permanently frozen subsoil
• Flora ? lichens, mosses grasses
• Fauna ? insects, migratory birds, large migratory
  animals

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Taiga

• Long, cold winters but longer growing seasons
• Flora ? coniferous forests
• Pine trees, spruce trees, fir trees
• Fauna ? large variety of small mammals, moose and
  black bear

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Temperate deciduous forest

• Mild winters and long growing seasons
• Flora ? angiosperms
• Trees lose leaves in the fall
• Oak, maple, elm trees
• Fauna ? large diversity of small mammals
• Grey squirrel, fox, deer

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Tropical rain forest

• Warm all year
• Receives 100-400 inches of rain per year
• Flora ? many varieties of broad-leaved plants,
  bamboo, ferns
• Fauna ? many animal species, monkeys, snakes,
  leopard

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Grassland

• Less than 20 inches of rain per year
• Flora ? annual plants and grasses
• Fauna ? deer, antelope, small mammals, prairie
  dogs

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Desert

• Less than 10 inches of rain per year
• Flora ? succulents, cactus and aloe
• Fauna ? birds, reptiles, insects

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Marine biomes

• Based on three physical criteria

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• The marine biome covers 70 of the earths
  surface
• Oceans absorb solar heat energy
• Oceans have a stabilizing effect on average
  temperature of land areas

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• MOST PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE IN THE OCEAN!

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• There is a great variety of life forms in the
  ocean
• Organisms that live on the ocean floor are called
  BENTHOS

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• Photosynthetic organisms are called PHYTOPLANKTON
• These are the producers in the marine biome

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• Small organisms that float near the surface are
  PLANKTON
• these are protists and algae, larvae of various
  animals, small jellyfish, worms

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Distance from shore

• Intertidal zone where land meets water
• Nertic zone shallow regions over the
  continental shelf
• Oceanic zone the sea floor

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Water depth

• Pelagic zone open water of any depth
• Benthic zone the sea floor

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Freshwater biome

• These can be divided into two types
• Standing water ? lakes, ponds, swamps and bogs
• Running water ? streams

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• Lakes are usually larger than ponds
• Lakes are so deep that light does not reach the
  bottom in all parts
• Ponds are shallow enough for light to reach the
  bottom

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• Cattails and other plants grow around the surface
  of the lake and in the pond

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• Streams are fast moving water
• The bottom is made of rocks and gravel
• Organisms can be found in calmer, shallow areas
  near stream banks

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• Swamps are low, wetland areas
• Fresh and saltwater swamps are often called
  wetlands
• Wetlands are important nesting sites for water
  birds