Jerusalem-The Holy Land

1
Jerusalem-The Holy Land

• Presented By-
• Nick Antonelli, Connor Laughlin, Joe Nally, and
  Ben Thompson for Section 2 of Religions of the
  Book.

2
Contents

• History of Jerusalem
• Significance of the Holy Land in
• The Hebrew Bible
• The New Testament
• The Quran

3
Terms to know

• Holy Land- refers to the land of Israel/ the
  Promised Land.
• Jerusalem- A city in the Holy Land. Holiest city
  to Jews and Christians, highly regarded for
  Muslims
• Temple Mount- Holy site in Jerusalem. Site of
  Abrahams sacrifice, 1st and 2nd Temples, future
  site of 3rd Temple, Dome of the Rock and the
  Al-Aqsa Mosque.

4
Pre Jewish Jerusalem

• Settlements in Jerusalem date as far back as the
  4th millennium BCE
• Earliest written records are as far back as the
  19th century BCE
• Was inhabited by a Canaanite tribe called the
  Jebusites until the 11th century BCE

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First Temple Jerusalem

• King David conquered the city in the 10th century
  and gave the city its name of Jerusalem or
  Yerushalayim
• Davids reign ended around 970 BCE
• Solomon took over at this point and built the
  first temple
• The sight of this first temple is a sacred place
  for Muslims, Jews and Christians as the last
  known resting place of the Ark of the Covenant
• Soon after Solomon died the kingdom split into
  two parts
• Jerusalem remained the capitol of the Kingdom of
  Judea
• 586 BCE the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of
  Judea and destroyed its temple

6
Second Temple Jerusalem

• 538 BCE the Jews were allowed to return to Judea
• In 19 BCE the Temple Mount was elevated and work
  began on an expansion of the second temple under
  Herod the Great
• The Temple Mount is one of the most contested
  spots in the world
• In 6 CE the city came under the direct control of
  the Romans
• Roman rule was challenged with the Great Jewish
  Revolt
• led to the destruction of the second temple in 70
  CE

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Jerusalem in the Hebrew Bible

• Spiritual center for Jewish world.
• Located in land God promised to Abraham (Canaan).
• Site of Abrahams sacrifice of Isaac, as well as
  sight of 1st and 2nd Temples (where Dome of the
  Rock is).

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The Holy Land and Abraham

• Gen 121-9, 1518-21- Gods Covenant with
  Abraham (about 1800 BCE).
• Gen 221-3- The sacrifice of Isaac (in land of
  Moriah, also thought to be site of Dome of the
  Rock).

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Conquest of Jerusalem

• 1030 BCE- Saul becomes 1st ruler of a united
  Kingdom of Israel.
• 2 Sam 56-12-David becomes king after Sauls
  death. In 1000 BCE he takes over Jebusite city
  of Jerusalem and claims it as the capitol

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Solomons Temple and the Babylonian Exile

• 2 Sam 71-17- God tells David that his heir will
  build a house in His name, the 1st Temple
  (actually built 970 BCE).
• 2 Kings 251-12- King Nebuchadnezzar, of
  Babylon, destroys city of Jerusalem along with
  1st Temple in 587.

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Rebuilding Jerusalem

• Zec 114-17- God forgives the people of Jerusalem
  and chooses them (again) to be his people and
  Jerusalem to be his city.
• Neh 211-20- Nehemiah begins rebuilding
  Jerusalem so it will no longer be an object of
  derision between 520 and 515 BCE.

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Jerusalem in the New Testament-Luke 21

•  Destruction of the temple is foretold    -Nation
  will rise against nation    -Kingdom against
  Kingdom    -Earthquakes    -Famines    -Plagues
     The kingdom of God will come   Luke
  2129-33- Story of the fig tree

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Luke 2433-35

• Resurrection of Jesus   Appearance to the two
  travelers   Meeting with the disciples in
  Jerusalem   Appearance to the group

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John 213-25

• Found people who sold oxen, sheep, and doves, as
  well as money-changers
• Made a whip to drive them out
• Keeping clean the holy place of God

15
John 1155-57

• Going to Jerusalem to purify themselves
•    Expecting Jesus to come purify them

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Jerusalem and the Islamic Faith

• Islam precedes all religions, according to
  tradition, and shares roots in Judaism and
  Christianity, with all three having strong
  religious ties to the city of Jerusalem.
• Jerusalem is said to be the third holiest city in
  the Islamic faith, behind the cities of Makkah
  and Madinah, respectively.

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Al-Aqsa Mosque The Dome of the Rock

• Jerusalem is home to two major Islamic holy
  sites Al-Aqsa Mosque, or the Temple Mount, and
  the Dome of the Rock.

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Al-Aqsa Mosque

• The Temple Mount (Masjid al-Aqsa)
• Known as The Farthest Mosque, it is located in
  East Jerusalem.
• Has progressively expanded over time, but is
  still constructed over the original mosque that
  Muhammad worshipped.

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Al-Aqsa Mosque

• The Miraj
• During Muhammads Miraj, he was first taken to
  the Al-Aqsa Mosque by the angel Gabriel.
• Quran, Surah 171
• Some scripture in the Quran has been interpreted
  to mean that the journey was only a divine dream.
• Quran, Surah 1760

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Al-Aqsa Mosque

• The First Qibla
• Before Muslims began facing Makkah, they first
  directed their prayer at the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
• Quran, Surah 2142-150

21
Dome of the Rock

• A holy site built around the rock where it is
  believed that Muhammad was taken into heaven by
  the angel Gabriel during his Miraj.
• Muslims believe that Abraham nearly sacrificed
  his son Ishmael, not Isaac, in what is now the
  stretch of desert in Saudi Arabia, called Mina.

22
Roman/Byzantine Jerusalem

• Second Jewish Revolt 132-135
• led by Bar Kokhba
• Romans sacked the city and destroyed the temple
• Massive Roman reconstruction of Jerusalem in 135
  CE under Emperor Hadrian
• Under Constantine I Jerusalem became a center for
  Christianity
• Built the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on the
  sight of Calvary (previously a temple to Venus
  there)

23
Muslim Control

• Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab conquered Jerusalem in
  638 CE
• Allowed Jews and Christians to live there in
  return for a tax
• Caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned and completed
  the Dome of the Rock by the end of the 7th century

24
The Crusades

• In 1099 Jerusalem was taken by the First Crusade
• The Crusaders slaughtered most of the Muslim and
  Jewish inhabitants
• Saladin conquered Jerusalem in 1187
• Was much more peaceful in his conquest, killed no
  civilians after the battle
• Various powers controlled the city in the next
  few centuries

25
British/Israeli Control

• The British Army captured the city after the
  Battle of Jerusalem in 1917
• 1922 the League of Nations entrusted the British
  Empire to help establish a State of Israel
• 1947 the UN partition plan recommended that
  certain sites remain internationally governed
• Big controversy to this day about this
• Never went into effect and so the State of Israel
  and Jordan took half of the city each
• In 1967 Israel captured the other half of the
  city in the Six-Day War