Holy Roman Empire and the Church

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Holy Roman Empire and the Church
Holy Roman Empire and the Church
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Holy Roman Empire

• Otto I took the title King of Germany
• His successors took the title Holy Roman Empire
• The appointment of church officials brought
  issues to emperors and popes
• Popes tried to end the interference from secular
  rulers

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Conflict between Popes Emperors

• Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture
• Henry VI disagreed
• Henry was then excommunicated but decided to make
  peace
• Treaty formed Concordat of Worms

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The Struggle for Italy

• Frederick Barbossa failed to bring northern Italy
  under his control
• Frederick II also tried
• German nobles grew more independent
• Spanish and French rivals battled for power
• The rest was in ruins

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The Height of Church power

• Pope Innocent III took office
• He excommunicated King John and Philip II
• Launched a crusade against Albigensians
• After death, Philip helped with the election of a
  French pope, papacy entered a period of decline

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The Crusades

• The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars to drive
  the Muslims out of the holy land, Palestine
• It was mainly against the Muslims and the enemies
  of the pope
• Pope Urban declared the crusade at the Council of
  Clermont

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Motives and Goals of Crusades

• The goal of the Crusades was to recapture the
  Holy Land from the Muslim rule
• Knights wanted more lands and become affluent
• Urban, the pope wanted to gain his influence over
  Europe and heal the schism

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List of Crusades

• During the First Crusade, Christian knights
  seized Jerusalem in 1099
• In the Second Crusade, Saladin, leader of the
  Muslims, captured Jerusalem by 1187
• After the Third Crusade, Europeans failed to
  regain the holy land but Saladin reopened it to
  the Chritian pilgrims
• The Fourth Crusade resulted when the Crusaders
  fought Christians and captured Constantinople

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List of Crusades(con't)

• Al-Kamil, brother of Saladin. agreed to have
  peace with Europe in the Fifth Crusade
• Muslim successfully gained control over the holy
  land in the sixth Crusade

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Religious Toleration and heresies

• Under the Muslim rule, Spain enjoyed religious
  toleration
• Religious toleration is the freedom to worship a
  religion
• After the successful Reconquista in Spain,
  Ferdinand and Isabella ended it and fought
  against heresies

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Section 5

• By Lizzie

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The Black Death

• Around 1347, Genoese trader ships came over to
  Messina, Sicily. They didn't know that with their
  goods came a deadly disease. When they docked,
  they started noticing the symptoms of the
  bubonic plague.
• The Sicilians kicked them out, but it was too
  late.

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Bubonic Plague
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Global Epidemic

• The disease soon spread beyond Sicily to Spain,
  France and other parts of Europe.
• People started seeing symptoms of the bubonic
  plague.
• It quickly became an Epidemic-outbreak of quickly
  spread disease.

• People began to get egg-sized lumps under their
  arms.
• They started to turn an ugly blackish color.
• Once they started to spit up blood, death was
  certain.
• Gravediggers collected the corpses like a garbage
  man collects trash.

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Effects

• Economic
• -Surviving workers demanded a higher salary.
• -People started splurging on luxurious things
  for fear that they would die soon.

• Physical
• -Spitting up blood,
• - Egg-sized lumps all over body.
• - Skin slowly turning black.

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Babylonian Captivity

• All through the crisis of the plague, the church
  had its own problems. The papal authority moved
  its court to southern Sicily for 70 years.
  People called this time the Babylonian captivity
  in reference to a time of captivity in the
  Bibles old testament.

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Questioning the church

• Surviving priests were asked Why did God only
  save some people?
• John Wycliffe started the idea that people should
  be able to read the bible for themselves.
• His fellow scholars started translating the bible
  from Latin into English.
• Jan Hus Began preaching John Wycliffs ideas.

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Persecution

• Both Wycliffe and Jan Hus were convicted of
  starting new heresies and were burned at the
  stake.

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The 100 years war

• Even through all the holy scandal and near
  extinction of Europe, the people still got riled
  up over a little thing like territory.
• Englands king, Edward III, decided to try and
  take the French crown, a war erupted.
• Once the war started, the people did not want to
  stop fighting.

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Joan of ark

• In 1429, a 17-year old girl, named Joan of ark,
  requested to have the French king, King Charles
  VII, allow her to lead his army. When he said
  yes, everyone was surprised to see that they won
  the battle, with Joans help.

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Joans martyrdom

• When the British allies finally caught Joan,
• They tried her for witchcraft. She was wrongly
  convicted, and was burned at the stake. This
  rallied the French more than anything.
• The French went on to win more victories, until
  England was only left with a French port.

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Medieval to Modern

• The end of the time of crisis led way to more
  economic development than ever. Italy was having
  more trade than ever before, and with people
  recovering from the population decimation, this
  was a great time for the medieval ages to make
  way for the modern world.