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CHAPTER 4  IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES

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CHAPTER 4 IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES The Golden Door: I. Many reasons contributed to the migration of people since 1815. A. Rapid changes in agricultural methods ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CHAPTER 4  IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES


1
CHAPTER 4 IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES
  • The Golden Door
  • I. Many reasons contributed to the migration of
    people since 1815. A. Rapid changes in
    agricultural methodstechnology, i.e., less farm
    labor needed. B. Food surpluses led to increased
    population growth. Consequently, people uprooted
    by changes from a pre-industrial form of social
    organization and these people formed the migrant
    streams or wavesfrom native lands to other
    countries.

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Three great immigration streams to the U.S.A. and
each had different characteristics
  • 1. Great immigrant stream 19th centuryIrish
    potato famine, and by the mid-1850s two million
    Irish came to the U.S.A. and England. Natives
    reactions
  • (i) Irish poverty-stricken and lived in Eastern
    cities, e.g., Little Dublins.
  • (ii) Stereotyped as ruffians, ignorant, etc.
  • (iii) dominated the Catholic Church hierarchy in
    the U.S.
  • (iv) Politically activeconflicts with the
    English.

3
  • 2. 19th century Germans
  • (i) by the end of the century, Germans were the
    single largest ethnic minority in the 27 U.S.
    States.
  • 3. Changing Patterns of Immigration
  • (i) 1861-1870 decade, Immigrants from Norway and
    Sweden increased rapidly.
  • (ii) The shift to federal control of immigration
    was launched in 1875, when the U.S. Supreme Court
    ruled that only the U.S. Congress was empowered
    by the constitution to regulate immigration.

4
  • (iii) As the receiving facilities in New York
    became overcrowded and misused for political
    reasons, the federal government opened a new
    receiving station on Ellis Islandlater became
    known as Isle of Tears, because many immigrants
    were denied entrance to the U.S.A.

5
  • 4. The 2nd Great Immigration Stream
  • (i) From 1890-1924 immigrants came from
    Southern and Eastern Europe, e.g., Italy, Spain,
    Portugal, Slovaks, Greeks, Poles, etc.
  • (ii) Their languages and religions were further
    removed from the English than was the first-
    stream of immigrants.
  • (iii) Labor recruiters brought most of the
    immigrants to U.S.
  • (iv)Like the first-stream immigrants, they were
    poverty-stricken farmers who were forced off the
    land by industrialization.
  • (v) After the 1890 census the U.S. frontier
    (border) had been declared officially closed.

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  • (vi) By 1900, second-stream immigrant groups
    were the main source of workersindustrial
    production.
  • (vii) The promise of a new life in America
    became a shattered dream because many lived in
    ethnic slums.
  • The Italians
  • (i) beginning in 1890 over 30 million Italians
    came to the U.S.
  • (ii) most were farmers but some worked in blue
    collar and lower level white collar jobs.
  • (iii) Many Italian immigrants did not intend to
    stay in the U.S.called Sojourners or birds of
    passage.
  • (v) Many lived in houses that were unfit for
    human habitation.

7
  • Natives Reaction
  • (i) Americans stereotyped Italians as criminals,
    mafia or cosa Nostra. Little Italys were
    built to commit crime, etc.
  • (ii) Anglo Americans did not recognize the
    differences between the Northern and Southern
    Italians, as a result, the two culturally and
    economically different Italians joined together
    to form a new ethnic group within a different
    societyprocess called ethnogenesis. This can
    occur when the dominant group rejects immigrants.

8
  • Jews Sephardic and Ashkenazaic
  • (i) Sephardim Jews were the earliest, and
    came from Spain, Portugal and Holland.
  • (ii) Ashkenazim Jews came from Germany, and
    outnumbered the Sephardim Jews. They became the
    primary force within Jewish American life. (iii)
    1st and 2nd stream immigrant Jews were itinerant
    peddlerslay the foundation for the development
    of department stores, e.g., Macys,
    Bloomingdales, Sears Roebuck, etc.

9
  • Immigration Restrictions A Preview
  • (i) Immigration laws passed in 1924 closed the
    Golden Door and introduced the use of the
    national-origins principle in the calculation of
    immigration quotas.
  • (ii) Laws and legal agencies were created to
    deal with the increasing complexities of
    immigration.
  • 5. The 3rd Great Immigrant Stream
  • (i) the 3rd great immigrant stream or new
    immigration (1946-present) came mainly from Latin
    America and Asia.
  • (ii) End of World War II refugees also came to
    the U.S.

10
  • (iii) the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)
    of 1952 and its amendments of 1965 made Americas
    immigration law more democratic, more humane, and
    fairer to all of the worlds countries.
    (iv) Rejection of the National
    Origins Principle in 1943, a program to admit
    temporary agricultural workers from Mexico was
    initiated and in 1948 Congress passed the
    Displaced Persons Act. (v)The 1965 INAA
    (Hart-Celler Act) abolished the National Origins
    Principle and introduced special preference
    designations for people with skills and increased
    the entry of relatives, etc.

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  • 6. Three socio-cultural effects of the new
    immigration laws
  • (i) the laws concerning refugees and displaced
    persons, and also the governments parole
    authority were responses to new global realities.
    (ii) The new laws altered the racial and ethnic
    composition of the 3rd immigrant streamleading
    to Browning of America.
  • (iii) The difficulty of immigrating legally to
    the U.S.A. increased the number of persons who
    came as undocumented.

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  • 7.  In Summary 1st immigrant stream came from
    Western and Northern Europe, e.g., 1. England, 2.
    Ireland, Germany, 3. Norway, 4. Finland, and 5.
    Sweden.
  • Anglo conformity model worked for them because
    they are similar to the English.
  • 2nd immigrant stream came from Southern and
    Eastern, e.g., 1. Portugal, 2. Spain, 3. Greece,
    4. Russia, 5. Poland and 6. Yugoslavia.
  • Melting pot ideology worked for themmore removed
    from the English.

13
  • 3rd immigrant stream came from Latin America and
    Asia, e.g., 1. Mexico, 2. China, and 3. rest of
    the world.
  • Cultural pluralism worked for them
    dissimilarbrowning of America.
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