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Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,

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Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815 - 1850 Chapter 21 The Conservative Order (1815 1830) The Peace Settlement Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Russia ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,


1
Chapter 21
  • Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
  • 1815 - 1850

2
The Conservative Order (1815 1830)
  • The Peace Settlement
  • Quadruple Alliance Great Britain, Russia,
    Austria, Prussia
  • Congress of Vienna (1814 1815)
  • The principal of legitimacy
  • A new balance of power

3
  • Conservative Ideology
  • From Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution
    of France
  • Obedience to political authority
  • Organized religion was crucial to social order
  • Hated revolutionary upheavals
  • Unwilling to accept liberal demands or
    representative government

4
Europe after the Congress of Vienna
5
Conservative Domination The Concert of Europe
  • The Concert of Europe - Congresses
  • Quintuple Alliance
  • Principle of intervention
  • Spain and Italy
  • The Revolt of Latin America
  • Bourbon monarchy of Spain toppled
  • L. A.countries begin independence
  • Simón Bolivar (1783-1830)
  • José de San Martín (1778-1850)
  • Britain began to dominate L. A. economy

6
  • The Greek Revolt, 1821-1832
  • Intervention could support revolution as well
  • Greek revolt in, 1820
  • Britain, France, Russia at war
  • Treaty of Adrianople, 1829

7
Latin America in the early 9th Century
8
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9
Conservative Domination The European States
  • Great Britain Rule of the Tories
  • Landowning classes dominate Parliament
  • Tory and Whig factions Tories dominate
  • Restoration in France
  • Louis XVIII (r. 1814 1824)
  • Ultraroyalists

10
  • Intervention in the Italian States and Spain
  • Conservative reaction against the forces of
    nationalism and liberalism
  • Repression in Central Europe
  • Metternich and forces of reaction
  • Liberal and national movements in Germany
  • Karlsbad Decrees (1819)

11
  • Russia
  • Rural, agricultural, and autocratic
  • Alexander I (1801-1825)
  • Nicholas I (1825-1855

12
The Balkans by 1830
13
Ideologies of Change
  • Liberalism
  • Economic liberalism (classical economics)
  • Laissez-faire
  • Political liberalism
  • Ideology of political liberalism
  • David Ricardo (1772-1823),
  • John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
  • Supported Womens rights
  • On the Subjection of Women

14
  • Nationalism
  • Part of a community with common institutions,
    traditions, language, and customs
  • The community is called a nation
  • Nationalist ideology
  • Allied with liberalism

15
Map 21.3 The Distribution of Language in
Nineteenth-Century Europe
16
Early Socialism
  • Utopian Socialists
  • Charles Fourier (1772 1838)
  • Robert Owen (1771-1858)
  • Louis Blanc (1813 1882)
  • Female Supporters
  • Flora Tristan (1803 1844)

17
Revolution and Reform, 1830-1850
  • Another French Revolution
  • Charles X (1824-1830)
  • Revolt by liberals
  • Louis-Philippe (1830-1848)
  • The bourgeois monarch
  • Constitutional changes favor the upper bourgeoisie

18
Revolutionary Outbursts in Belgium, Poland, and
Italy
  • Austrian Netherlands given to Dutch Republic
  • Revolt by the Belgians
  • Revolt attempts in Poland and Italy

19
The Revolution of 1830
20
Reform in Great Britain
  • The Reform Act of 1832
  • New political power for industrial urban
    communities
  • Benefited the upper middle class
  • New Reform Legislation
  • Poor Law of 1834
  • Repeal of the Corn Laws (1846)

21
The Revolutions of 1848
  • France Revolution
  • Corruption, and failure to initiate reform
  • Louis-Philippe abdicates, 2/24/1848 
  • Provisional government established
  • Elections by univ. manhood suffrage
  • Split between mod. and liberal republicans
  • Second Republic established
  • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected 12/48

22
The Revolutions of 1848 1849
23
Revolution in Central Europe
  • Spreads French inspired
  • Frederick William IV (1840-1861)
  • Frankfurt Assembly
  • Austrian Empire
  • Louis Kossuth, Hungary
  • Metternich flees the country
  • Hungarys wishes granted
  • Francis Joseph I (1848-1916)

24
Revolts in the Italian States
  • Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)
  • Young Italy, 1831
  • Goal a united Italy
  • Cristina Belgioioso (1808-1871)
  • Charles Albert (r. 1831 1849)

25
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26
The Failures of 1848
  • Division within the revolutionaries
  • Radicals and liberals
  • Divisions among nationalities

27
Maturing of the United States
  • Constitution contained liberalism and nationalism
  • Alexander Hamilton-Federalist
  • Thomas Jefferson-Republican
  • John Marshall (1755-1835)
  • Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) and democracy 

28
Emergence of an Ordered Society
  • Development of regular police - purpose of police
  • British Bobbies
  • Bobbies introduced in 1829 1830
  • French Police
  • Crime and Social Reform
  • New poor laws
  • Moral reformers
  • Organized religion
  • Prison Reform

29
The Characteristics of Romanticism
  • Emotion, sentiment, and feelings, nature
  • Tragic figure
  • Johann von Goethe (1749-1832),
  • The Sorrows of the Young Werther
  • Individualism
  • Interest in the past
  • Grimm Brothers German History?
  • Gothic literature
  • Edgar Allan Poe (1808-1849)
  • Mary Shelley (1797-1851)

30
Romanticism in Art, Music, Poetry
  • Percy Bysshe Shelley
  • Prometheus Unbound
  • Casper David Friedrich
  • God and nature
  • Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863)
  • Passion for color
  • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
  • Lord Byron (1788-1824)
  • Childe Harolds Pilgrimage
  • William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
  • The mysterious force of nature

31
Caspar David Friedrich, Man and Woman Gazing at
the Moon
32
Delacroix, The Death of Sardanaplus
33
Discussion Questions
  • What were the goals of the early
    nineteenth-century conservatives? What forces
    were working against the achievement of those
    goals?
  • Why did Britain involve itself in the Greek
    revolt against the Ottoman Empire?
  • How did liberalism and nationalism contribute to
    both the success and failure of reform in the
    mid-nineteenth century?
  • Why did the Revolutions of 1848 fail?
  • Compare and contrast the Romantic and
    Enlightenment views of nature.

34
Web Links
  • 1832 Reform Act
  • Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
  • Utopian Socialism Archive
  • William Wordsworth The Complete Poetical Works
  • The Walter Scott Digital Archive
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