Crime Prevention for the

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Sgt. Jim Baylor, M.A., ccps Rice University
Police Department Houston, Texas
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Crime Prevention DefinedThe anticipation,
recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the
initiation of action to remove or reduce it.
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• The British Experience
• 1748 Henry Fielding 1st organized effort to
  unify community crime reduction.
• 1829 Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act)
  it should be understood, at the outset, that
  the principle objective to be achieved is the
  prevention of crime.
• 1950 1st National Crime Prevention Campaign
  (films, exhibits, and printed material)

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• Crime Prevention Education
• 1963 Crime Prevention Centre, London, England
• 1971- National Crime Prevention Institute
  University of Kentucky (Louisville)
• 1973 Texas Crime Prevention Institute
• Southwest Texas State University (San Marcos)

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• Three Levels of Crime Resistance Programming
• Re-Active Traditional policing
• Pro-Active Contemporary policing
• Co-Active Community policing

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Crime Triangle
Ability to Commit Crime
Desire to Commit Crime
Target/Victim
Perpetrator
Remove the Opportunity Common Denominator
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• Sources of Opportunity
• Victim Precipitation
• Criminal Precipitation
• Situational Precipitation

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• Systematic Approach to Crime Risk Management
• Risk Anticipation or Awareness
• Risk Recognition
• Risk Avoidance
• Risk Reduction

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Crime Deterrence

• Physical
• Psychological

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• Introduction to Physical Security
  Three Lines of Defense
• Perimeter
• Exterior
• Interior

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
1st Line of Defense Perimeter

• Perimeter barriers define the outside or
  perimeter of a site whereby both a physical and
  psychological deterrent to those who might
  contemplate entering the site or approaching the
  person is created.

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Components of 1st Line of Defense

• Crime Statistics
• Neighborhood Environment
• Fencing
• Landscaping and Shrubbery
• Lighting

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
2nd Line of Defense Exterior

• The second line of defense pertains to anything
  on the physical surface of a structure. (6-sided
  box)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Components of 2nd Line of Defense

• Doors
• Windows
• Other Access Points

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Doors

• Door frames should be constructed with heavy
  materials
• Doors should be of solid core construction
• Garage doors should be secured with remote opener
  or padlock

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Types of Doors

• Wooden
• Hollow Core
• Pressed Wood
• Solid Wood
• Wood Panel
• Metal
• Aluminum Framed Door
• Glass Patio Door

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Windows

• Wooden
• Aluminum Frame
• Vertical Opening
• Horizontal Opening
• Stationary Glass Pane

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Other Access Points

• Building Roof
• Skylights
• Ventilating Vents
• Storm Drains
• Fire Escapes
• Pier Foundation

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
3rd Line of Defense Interior

• Alarm Systems
• Security Cabinets/Safes
• Procedural Controls

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Break Down of the Components of the Three Lines
of Defense
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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lighting

• Good lighting is one of the most cost effective
  deterrents to crime.
• Ideally, a good lighting system would reproduce
  daylight.

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lighting

• Transitional
• Trespass
• Emergency
• Portable

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lighting

• Watt amount of energy consumed
• Lumen output of a light source
• Foot Candle light on surface of one square foot
• Reflector used to redirect light by reflection
• Refractor globe or bowl to control direction of
  light
• Luminaire complete lighting device (light
  source, globe, reflector, refractor, and
  housing)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lighting Controls

• Manual
• Automatic
• Timers
• Photo-Electric Control
• Motion Detector

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lamps

• Incandescent light bulb
• Quartz, Halogen, Xenon
• Fluorescent
• Mercury Vapor
• High Pressure Sodium Vapor
• Low Pressure Sodium Vapor

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Shrubbery Bushes

• Thorny bushes
• 18 24 from building face
• 18 24 from bottom of window sill
• 18 24 from base of shrub
• Sight-line lower canopy of trees, no lower
  then 6 bushes no higher than 3

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Door Systems

• Door Frame
• Door Hinges
• Door
• Locking System
• Miscellaneous Hardware (mullion, astragal,
  closure, door viewers)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Door Frame Strike Plates

• Reinforced frame
• Standard strike plate
• Reinforced strike plate
• Mounting hinges
• Hinge pins

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lock

• a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or
  electronic device designed to prevent entry to a
  building, room, container, or hiding place and to
  prevent the removal of items without the consent
  of the owner.

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Lock Terminology

• Pin Tumbler Cylinder
• Spring Latch
• Dead Locking Latch (dead latch)
• Dead Bolt
• Throw (minimum of 1)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Padlock Terminology

• Shackle (3/16 diameter)
• Heel and Toe
• Key Code Number
• Lock Switching

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Door Viewer

• Minimum viewing angle - 180º (190º)
• Installed at appropriate heights

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Alarm Systems

• Early Romans placed geese on the perimeter of
  bivouac sites to announce the arrival of
  intruders.
• Geese reflect the three basic parts of all alarm
  systems.

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Parts of Alarm Systems

• Sensor or detector (eyes and ears of goose)
• Control unit (brain of the goose)
• Annunciator or sounding device (squawking)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Parts of Alarm Systems

• Sensor or detector
• Perimeter, or point of entry protection
• Area, or space protection
• Object, or spot protection

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Types of Sensors

• Door Contacts
• Glass Breakage/Noise Discriminator
• Photo-Electric, Microwave, Infrared, Ultrasonic
• Metallic Foil, lace paneling (antiquated)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Parts of Alarm Systems

• Controls
• Locally supervised
• Central Station

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Parts of Alarm Systems

• Annunciator
• Local alarm signaling
• Police hook up (remote signaling)
• Central Station (remote signaling)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
False Alarms

• The Problem
• 95 98 false
• 10 30 of all calls for police service
• The Result
• Unnecessary police dispatches risk of accidents
• Officer safety issues (human nature to cry wolf
  calls)

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
False Alarms

• Number one cause of false alarms.

USER ERROR
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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Prevent False Alarms

• 1. Train user
• 2. Know how to cancel alarm
• 3. Check all alarmed points before arming
• 4. Dont block alarm beams

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Prevent False Alarms

• 5. Remove motion sources in front of beams
• 6. Stand-by batteries do NOT last forever
• 7. Treat alarm system with care
• 8. Educate each user/visitor about the alarm
  system

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Interior Barriers

• Security Cabinets
• Safes/Gun Vaults
• Hiding Places
• Safe Room

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Interior Procedures

• Operation Identification
• Inventory Control Measures
• Neighborhood Watch
• Crime Watch Patrol
• Vacation Watch

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Home Security Guidelines

• Positioning of Lighting
• Landscaping
• Doors and Door Systems
• Windows
• Burglar Bars Barriers

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Multi-residential Guidelines

• Access to property
• Lighting
• Landscaping
• Addressing
• Auxilary Service areas

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Multi-residential Guidelines

• Elevators and lobbies
• Storage areas
• Key Control
• Employees
• Three lines of defense at residence

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Personal Safety Guidelines

• At home
• While traveling
• In the car
• On the street
• Public Transportation

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Auto Theft Prevention

• Lock it and pocket the keys
• Replace older model lock buttons with tapered
  stems.
• Remove keys and lock doors when self-service
  fueling.

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Auto Theft Prevention

• Consider safety security films on windows
• VIN etching
• No hidden keys
• Watch where parking (adjacent vehicles, etc.)
• Separated key rings

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Auto Theft Prevention

• Vehicle Alarm Systems
• Armored Steering Wheel Collar
• Electronic Kill Switch
• Fuel Shut-off System
• Lo-Jack

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Car Accident Scams

• Swoop and Squat
• Drive Down
• Start and Stop
• Intentional Rear End Collision

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
The Aggressive Driver

• Make attempt to get away
• Do not challenge
• Wear your seat belt
• Avoid eye contact
• Ignore gestures

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Driving Safety

• Cell Phones
• Computer maps
• Dont get distracted

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Crime Prevention Children

• Begin with the basics
• Safety at school
• At home alone
• Halloween Safety Tips

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Crime Prevention Children

• 911
• Fingerprinting programs
• Missing children programs
• Cybersafety for children

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Crime Prevention Children

• D.A.R.E.
• G.R.E.A.T.
• S.R.O.
• r.a.d. KIDS

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults

• Alcohol
• Rohypnol
• GHB
• Ketamine

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults - Prevention

• Limit consumption of drinks
• Do not gulp alcoholic drinks
• Be wary of open containers
• Let the date take the first drink from the
  punchbowl

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Identity Theft and Fraud

• Shoulder Surfing
• Dumpster Diving
• Purse/wallet theft
• Mail Box pilfer

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Identity Theft and Fraud

• Limit personal information in wallet/purse
• Avoid carrying excessive blank checks
• Carry only credit cards you will use
• Retain all credit card receipts

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Identity Theft and Fraud

• Review all credit card statements
• Obtain copy of credit report annually
• Be wary of ATM and phone card usage
• Do not put phone number on checks and do not
  verbalize the number aloud in stores

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Cyberstalking

• Most cyberstalkers feel they are anonymous
• When caught, they didnt mean for it to go so
  far
• Over 20,000 cases reported each year
• Over 90 are women

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Cyberstalking Examples

• Threatening or harassing e-mail
• Flaming online verbal abuse
• Mass unsolicited e-mail
• Cloaning messages from victim
• Initiating computer viruses

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Why Cyberstalking?

• Sexual Harassment
• Love Obsession
• Hate/Revenge Vendettas
• Power/Ego Trips

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Cyberstalking Prevention

• Do not share personal information on-line
• Install filtering software
• Be cautious about meeting cyber-friends in
  public
• If online conversation beomes hostile log off

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Vicarious Liability

• Professional engaged in an activity as a
  livelihood
• Responsible legally or ethically accountable
  for the care of welfare of another

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Vicarious Liability

• Vicarious performed or endured by one person
  substituting for another
• Liability something for which one is legally
  obligated or responsible

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Vicarious Liability Terminology

• Adequate vs. best
• Realistic inclination toward literal truth
• Foreseeability to see or know beforehand

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Vicarious Liability Terminology

• Deliberate Indifference
• Willful Blindness
• Failure to Train
• Inadequate Security

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Crime Prevention for the R.A.D. Instructor
Sgt. Jim Baylor, M.A. Certified Crime Prevention
Specialist Rice University Police Department
713/348-4594 baylor_at_rice.edu www.rupd.rice.edu