Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

• CPTED

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CPTED Class Goals

• 1. To Introduce CPTED Theory, Concepts and
  Definitions
• 2. To Discuss CPTED Strategies
• 3. To Talk About the 3-Ds of Space Assessment
  and Design
• 4. To Discuss the Use of Color and Light
• 5. To Complete a CPTED Review

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Definition of CPTED

• Proper design and effective use of the built
  environment can lead to the reduction in the
  incidence and fear of crime and an improvement in
  the quality of life.

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CPTED Emphasis

• 1. Physical Environment
• 2. Behavior of People
• 3. Productive Use of Space
• 4. Crime/loss Prevention

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CPTED Approaches to Security

• Organized Background information
• Mechanical Locks and Alarms
• Natural Use of Space and surroundings

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CPTED Users

• Normal
• Abnormal
• Others

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CPTED Site Plan Review

• New Construction
• North Indicator
• Scale
• Plan section elevation
• Remodeling
• Change in business or business designation
• New physical changes to building

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CPTED Relationships Between Man and the
Environment
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CPTEDHuman Re-actional Elements cont.

• Perceptual Systems
• Sight
• Hearing
• Smell
• Touch
• Taste

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CPTEDHuman Re-actional Needs cont.

• Skeletal/muscular system
• Sympathetic Reactions

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Key CPTED Concepts

• Natural Surveillance
• Natural Access Control
• Territorial Behavior

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CPTED Strategies

• 1. Provide Clear border definition of controlled
  space.
• 2. Provide clearly marked transitional zones that
  indicate movement from public to semi-public to
  private space.
• 3. Relocate gathering areas to locations with
  natural surveillance and access control or to
  locations away from the view of would be
  offenders.

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CPTED Strategies cont

• 4. Place safe activities in unsafe locations to
  promote the natural surveillance of these
  activities to increase the perception of safety
  for normal users and risk for offenders.
• 5. Place unsafe activities in safe spots to
  overcome the vulnerability of these activities
  with the natural surveillance and access control
  of the safe area.
• 6. Re-designate the use of space to provide
  natural barriers to conflicting activities.

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CPTED Strategies cont.

• 7. Improve the scheduling of space to allow for
  effective use, appropriate critical
  intensityand temporal definition of accepted
  behaviors.
• 8. Re-design or re-vamp space to increase the
  perception or reality of natural surveillance.
• 9. Overcome distance and isolation through
  improved communication and design efficiencies.
• 10. Increase the perception of natural
  surveillance.

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CPTED 3-Ds of Space Assessment and Design

• Designation
• Definition
• Design

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CPTEDSpace Assessment and Design

• Designation
• What is the designated purpose of this space?
• For what purpose was it originally intended?
• How well does the space support its current use
  or its intended use?
• Is there conflict?

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CPTEDSpace Assessment and Design

• Definition
• How is space defined?
• Is it clear who owns it?
• What are its borders?
• Are there social or cultural definitions that
  affect how space is used?
• Are the legal or administrative rules clearly set
  out and re-enforced in policy?
• Are there signs?
• Is there conflict or confusion between the
  designated purpose and definition?

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CPTEDSpace Assessment and Design

• Design
• How well does the physical design support the
  intended function?
• How well does the physical design support the
  desired or accepted behaviors?
• Does the physical design conflict with or impede
  the productive use of the space or the proper
  functioning of the intended human activity.
• Is there confusion or conflict in the manner in
  which the physical design is intended to control
  behavior?

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Office/Classroom Layout

• Who controls the entry into the room?
• Where is the location of the teachers desk?
• Where are the locations of the students clothes
  and books?
• Are there two entries and exits out of each room?
• Where are the windows located?
• Where is the intercom located?

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CPTED ASSESSMENT Types of Data Used.

• Crime/incident analysis.
• Demographics
• Land Use
• Observations
• User Input

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Special Needs Classroooms

• What things should we think about in Special
  Needs Classrooms?
• Loud Noises
• Sirens signal horns
• Stress
• Teachers reactions
• Change in routine
• Not allowed to follow their routine
• Lights
• Flashing lights dark- really bright
• Smells
• Smoke fumes - odors

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The Nature of Human Nature

• Maslows Needs Hierarchy
• Food and Drink needs
• Security and Safety Needs
• The Need for Affection
• The Need for Self-actualization

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Motivating Factors for Human Needs

• 1. Friendship Formation.
• Shared interests
• 2. Group Formation.
• Joining or not joining social groups.
• 3. Personal Space.
• Controlling access to your person.
• 4. Territoriality.
• Defensive capability of people claiming space.
• 5. Communications.
• Human nature or strong need to communicate.
• 6. Cue Searching.
• Need to know what is going on around us.
• Personal Safety.
• Fundamental concern is human safety

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Friendship Formation

• Designers responsibility
• To create areas of business to bring together
  people.
• Design in aspect of social interaction.
• Does design keep people together of set them
  apart?

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Group Formation

• A matter of importance to most people,
• General rules of behavior are better understood
  in small groups.
• 71 of groups are two or more people.
• Come together in one gather spot.
• Need places for groups to come together.

• Designed seating areas need to be set for two or
  three people.
• Designers can help with overall security by
  designing in places for small groups to meet.

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Personal Space

• We have strong feelings of self protection.
• Pronounced effect on spacing and separation that
  people expect in dealing with others.
• Different nationalities have different feelings
  toward spacing.
• Variety of techniques for affirming their own
  self-definitions.

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Subsets of Personal Space

• Personal Status
• Use of artifacts as personal satisfaction.
• Personal Distance
• Ranges from 11/2 to 4 feet.
• Social Distance
• Ranges from 4 to 12 feet.

• Public space.
• Ranges from 12 to 25 feet.

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Proxemics

• The distancing aspect of personal space.
• Adequate spacing of bathroom fixtures
• Interrupting your bubble of space
• Physical contact with strangers
• Public seating arrangements

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Territoriality

• Personal Property and Possessions.
• Group property and Possessions.
• Temporary Territory.
• Person to Person.
• Boundaries.
• Group Territory.

• No Ones Territory.

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Territorial Recommendations

• Mark Individual possessions.
• Establish clear boundaries for group territory.
• Transient territory to seats or stools in public
  places.
• Include users in the design and planning process
  of use of space.

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Communications
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Cue Searching
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Use of Lighting
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School CPTED Berney
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School CPTED Berney Bldg. 2
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School CPTED Bldg. 3
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School CPTED Bldg. 4
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School CPTED Pods - Ownership
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School CPTED Pods
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School CPTED Pod
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School CPTED Pod
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School CPTED Common Area
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School CPTED Common Areas
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School CPTED Green Areas
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School CPTED Safe Play
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School CPTED Play Areas
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School CPTED Play Area
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School CPTED Play Area
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School CPTED Parking Areas
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School CPTED Parking