CKM Detector and TD Possible Involvement

1

• CKM Detector and TD Possible Involvement
• Physics
• Detector and Experiment Description
• Possible TD Involvement (on Detector)

2
Physics - 1

• Matter Interactions
• How does Matter Interact ?
• Examples of attractive forces in everyday life
  (magnets or gravity)
• We generally take it for granted that an object's
  presence can just affect another object.
• "How can two objects affect one another without
  touching?"
• Propose that the invisible force could be an
  exchange of force carrier particles.
• Particle physics has found that we can explain
  the force of one particle acting on another
  another to INCREDIBLE precision by the exchange
  of these force carrier particles.

3
Physics - 2

• At fundamental level, a force is not just
  something that happens to matter, it is a thing
  which is passed from matter to matter
• Things interact without touching
• One important thing a particular force carrier
  particle can only be absorbed or produced by a
  matter particle which is affected by that
  particular carrier
• electrons and protons have electric charge,
• so they can produce and absorb the
• electromagnetic force carrier, the photon (g).
• Neutrinos have no electric charge, so they
• cannot absorb or produce photons.

e-
g
Interaction Vertex
e-
4
Physics - 3
g
Hand
Table
e- in Magnet Current

• or
• B field

p in beam
5
Physics - 4
6 quarks (u,d,s,c,t,b) 6 leptons (e,m,t,ne
,nm ,nt ) 4 forces 1 model (SM) thats it !
6
Physics - 5
HEP Life (keep quarks glued to form a proton)
HEP Life ( Everyday Life) (radioactivity)
Everyday Life ( HEP Life)
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Physics - 6

• Radioactivity (early 1900s)
• Transmutation of Matter
• Radioactivity in Standard
• Model (1970s-now)

u2/3
W-
d-1/3
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Physics - 7

• All history of physics reflects the obsession in
  understanding what happens at the interaction
  vertex of matter with force carriers

e-
g
u2/3
W-
e-
d-1/3
Whats happening here ?
9
Physics - 8

• 6 quarks are grouped in 2 groups of 3 quarks each
• u, c, t
• d, s, b
• quarks in the same group do not interact through
  weak force carriers

u2/3
W-
Forbidden
Allowed
d-1/3

• In 2 groups of 3 items each there are 9 possible
  combinations . For the quarks in the SM these
  combinations are described by a 3x3 matrix

10
Physics - 9

• The 3X3 matrix describing the weak interactions
  between quarks is called CKM matrix after the 3
  physicists (Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa) that first
  proposed it in 1973
• CKM (Charged Kaons at Main Injector) wants to
  measure Vtd

Easy to Measure Harder to Measure Hardest to
Measure
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Experiment and Detector 1

• Use radioactive decay of particles to study the
  transformation of a t quark into a d quark

u
u
t
s
d
W
W
n
Z
n

• Experimental Strategy
• One well controlled and identified K/- in
• One well identified p/- out
• Nothing else is happening

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Experiment and Detector 2

• CKM Decay
• Backgrounds (mimicking the physics we are after)
• g (photons) are relatively easy to detect, but
  they must be rejected with very high efficiency
  to make sure nothing else is happening in the
  event

Theoretical Expectations
1 Decay
2.3 Billion Decays
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Experiment and Detector 3

• Photon Detection
• Use Electromagnetic shower originated by g in
  matter (typically in high-Z materials, like Lead
  or Tungstate)
• Detect electrons in shower by their ionizing
  properties
• Ionization can be amplified to produce a current
  signal
• (CMS Chambers)
• Ionization can be converted into light and then
  into current again by a PMT
• (CKM Solution)

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Experiment and Detector 4

• Reject background by vetoing with very high
  efficiency on photons using the Vacuum Veto
  System (VVS)
• VVS acts as an EM calorimeter

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Possible TD Involvement - 1

• VVS
• 34 annular lead-scintillator veto stations
  integrated into a vacuum vessel
• EM Calorimeter-like Structure
• 43k tiles (CDF PEM 22k)
• 700k fibers (CDF PEM 22k)

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Possible TD Involvement - 2

• TD involvement in CKM-VVS could be very similar
  to TD involvement in CDF-Plug Upgrade
• Possibilities for Technical Division ?
• Engineering Involvement
• Vacuum Vessel Design, Construction and Testing
• Vacuum Vessel Installation in Beam Line
• Tooling for VVS Construction
• VVS Detector Construction/Installation
  Involvement
• Fiber Preparation
• tiles probably coming from PPD/outside vendor
• Fiber/Tiles Assembly, installation into Vacuum
  module
• Construction QA/QC
• VVS Installation

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Possible TD Involvement - 3

• FY 02
• G.Apollinari , J Brandt
• Fiber Routing Mockup
• Vacuum Vessel for 2 sectors Prototype
• JLAB Test Beam

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Possible TD Involvement - 4

• FY03
• One large-scale annular prototype (?)
• Plan being worked out with P. Cooper/PPD/TD
• FY04
• Baselined project (?)
• 50-70 of CMS-EMU
• Many players Political decision
• PPD TD
• Serphukov - Russia