Chemical Thermodynamics and Non-Electrolytes

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312 234 Biophysical Chemistry
Chemical Thermodynamics and Non-Electrolytes
??.??. ?????? ???? 4511-1
Electrochemistry ??.??.
?????????/ Chemical Kinetics ??.??. ?????
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?????????????
Physical Chemistry
Basic Physical Chemistry
- Atkins - Alberty - Laidler Meiser
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Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics - Walls
Biophysical Chemistry
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???????????????? Physical Chemistry ???????
General / Basic / Fundamental Chemistry
Thermodynamics
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???????????? (16 ???????)
-???????????????? ? ???? - ???????????
????? - ????????????? ??? - ????????
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- ???????? 1 ??????????????????? ???????? -
?????????????? ???????????
- The Carnot Cycle, ???????? ???????? 2
??????????????????? ?????????????
????????????????
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-???????? 3 ???????????????????
-??????????????? Phase Equilibria
-????????????????????????????
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-?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
- Phase Rules - Ideal solution Real solution
- Raoults Laws Henry Laws
- ????????????????
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???????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????
??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
? ????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????
??????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????
????????????????
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System Surroundings
?????? ?????? ????????????
System
system
Surroundings
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???????? (open system) ??????????????????????
??????
??????? (closed system)
????????????? (isolated system)
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???????? (H2O NaCl)
???????
?????????? 45 0C
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????????????????????? (State and State function)
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?????????? (equation of State)
PVnRT
R 0.0821 lit-atm K-1 mol-1 8.314 J K-1
mol-1
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Van der Waals equation
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????????????? ???? ???????????
??? ?????????? ? ?????????????? (State function,
State variable)
1. ???????????????????????????????????
????????????????? ??????? (initaial Stute)
??????????????? (final State) ????????
dX Xf - Xi X2 - X1
2.
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3. ?????????????????????????? ?
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????????????????????????
???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????
??????? ???????? ??????? ????????
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Extensive Variables
???????????????????????????????
Intensive Variables
??????????????????????????????????
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????????????????????? 2 mol
???????????????????? ????????????
20 kJ
???????????????????????????? 10 kJ mol-1
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??????????????
Work W
Physics
??? ???x????????????????????????????????????
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h2
W f l
f
W mgh mgh2- mgh1
h1
??? ?????????????????????????????
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a
l1
l2
W (ma) l ma (l2-l1)
??????????????
l2-l1 (v1v2) t
2
a v2-v1
t
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w m (v2-v1)(v1v2) t 1 m (v22-v12)
2
2
t
1 mv22-1 mv12
2
2
??? ?????????????????????????
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????????????????
??? ????????????????????????????
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????????????????????????
??? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????
????????????? (External pressure)
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l2
fext
l1
A
A
w - Pext(V2-V1)
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PV-work
w -Pext DV
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????? J ???? N m ???? kg m2 s-2
???? dm3
- atm
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?????
????????????????????????????? (??????????,?????)
????????????
(positive value)
???????????????????????????????
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State Function Path Function
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??????? State Function ??
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V1, P1
V1, P1
P1
P2
V2, P2
V2, P2
V1
V2
V1
V2
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Equilibrium Path ??? Reversible Process
P
A
B
Dwrev - P dV
V
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(No Transcript)
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Isothermal reversible expansion of ideal gas
compression
?????????????
(DT 0)

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w - nRT ln (V2/V1) nRT ln
(V1/V2)
w nRT ln (P2/P1)
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???????? (Heat)
???????????????? (thermal equilibrium)
???????? ??? ??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????
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T1 gt T2
1
2
?????? T1 gt Tf gt T2