Recovery and Rebirth

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Chapter 12

• Recovery and Rebirth
• The Renaissance

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• Meaning and Characteristics of the Renaissance
• Making of Renaissance Society
• Social Changes in the Renaissance
• Peasants and Townspeople
• Family and Marriage in Renaissance Italy
• Italian States
• Birth of Modern Diplomacy
• Machiavelli and the New Statecraft
• Italian Renaissance Humanism
• Education, History and the Impact of Printing
• Art in the Early Renaissance
• The Artist and Social Status
• European State in the Renaissance
• The Church and the Renaissance

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Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian
Renaissance

• Renaissance
• Jacob Burkhardt
• Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860)
• Age of Recovery
• Emphasis on individual ability

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The Making of Renaissance Society

• Economic Recovery
• Revival in trade
• Italian cities lose economic supremacy
• Hanseatic League
• Manufacturing
• Banking
• Florence and the Medici

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Social Changes in the Renaissance

• The Nobility
• Reconstruction of the aristocracy
• Aristocracy 2 3 percent of the population
• Baldassare Castiglione (1478 1529)
• The Book of the Courtier (1528)

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Peasants and Townspeople

• Peasants
• Decline of manorial system and serfdom
• Urban Society
• Patricians
• Petty burghers, shopkeepers, artisans,
  guildmasters, and guildsmen
• The poor and unemployed
• Slaves

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Family Marriage in Renaissance Italy

• Husbands and Wives
• Marriages
• Husbands
• Wives
• Children
• Wealthy and Poor
• Sexual Norms
• Prostitution city regulation

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The Italian States in the Renaissance

• Five Major Powers
• Milan
• Venice
• Florence
• The Papal States
• Kingdom of Naples
• Independent City-States
• Mantua
• Ferrara
• Urbino
• The Role of Women
• Warfare in Italy

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Map 12.1 Renaissance Italy
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The Birth of Modern Diplomacy

• Modern diplomacy a product of Renaissance Italy
• Changing concept of the ambassador
• Resident ambassadors
• Agents of the territorial state

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Machiavelli and the New Statecraft

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 1527)
• The Prince

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Italian Renaissance Humanism

• Classical Revival
• Petrarch (1304 1374)
• Humanism in Fifteenth-Century Italy
• Humanism and Philosophy
• Translates Platos dialogues
• Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism

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Education, History, and the Impact of Printing

• Education in the Renaissance
• Humanism and History
• Secularization
• The Impact of Printing
• Johannes Gutenberg
• The spread of printing

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Art in the Early Renaissance

• Masaccio (1401 1428)

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Masaccio, Tribute Money
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Raphael, School of Athens
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The Artist and Social Status

• Early Renaissance
• High Renaissance
• Heroes

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The European State in the Renaissance

• The Renaissance State in Western Europe
• France
• England
• Spain
• Unification of Castile and Aragón
• Establishment of professional royal army
• Religious uniformity
• The Inquisition
• Conquest of Granada
• Expulsion of the Jews

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Map 12.2 Europe in the Second Half of the
Fifteenth Century
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Map 12.3 The Iberian Peninsula
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The Church in the Renaissance

• The Problems of Heresy and Reform
• John Wycliff (c. 1328 1384) and Lollardy
• John Hus (1374 1415)
• Urged the elimination of worldliness and
  corruption of the clergy
• Burned at the stake (1415)
• Church Councils
• The Papacy
• The Renaissance Papacy
• Julius II (1503 1513)
• Warrior Pope
• Nepotism
• Patrons of Culture
• Leo X (1513 1521)