Renaissance

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Renaissance

• 1300-1600
• Causes?
• Plague/Constant War and lack of enjoyment of
  life.
• Decline of Churchs political influence
• Move to urban areas

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Characteristics

• Rebirth of classical societies in Italy
• Urban and secular
• Humanism, the potential of human beings

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Italy and Urban Growth

• Italy unaffected by Hundred Years War
• Large independent/merchant city-states in N.
  Italy bc of Crusades
• Urban, ideas spread
• Interest in Roman and Greek history/accomplishment
  s

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Italian City States

• Milan, Venice and Florence were the most
  influential because of what?
• Why was there location critical to their success?
  

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Review

• The Renaissance was characterized by
• Urban/Secular
• Recovery from 1300s
• Humanism

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Florence

• Cultural center of Renaissance
• The Medici ruled and were patrons of the arts.
• Political power was a newfound pastime in Italy

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Italian Wars 1494-1530s

• Wealth eventually led to war between Italians,
  Spanish, and French for control of trade.
• Led to spread of Renaissance ideas northwards.

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Machiavelli

• Wrote The Prince which discussed new political
  dealings.
• For the sake of society the Prince must make
  hard, amoral decisions. Lack of Church influence.
• Huge influence on following leaders and set tone
  for new nobility
• Increased power, military obligations, become
  LEARNED

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Art in the Renaissance

• Looked to capture human potential (realism)
• Two areas of concentration Perspective/light,
  and anatomy. Why such attention to detail?
• New Religious (Contemporary)
• Ex fresco by Masaccio

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Classical Values

• Humanism-human achievements/potential
• Education in which areas?
• History, philosophy, grammar, math, etc.
• Liberal Studies allowed people to reach full
  intellectual/human potential. Virtue and Wisdom
• Use of vernacular- Canterbury Tales by Chaucer
  was 1st example.
• How is this different than the MAs?

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Middle Ages Example
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Perspective

• Rediscovered the technique (3D)
• Parallel lines stretch to a point on the horizon
  where they meet.

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Art

• Religious tactics/topics incorporated with
  realism
• Portraits, human body
• David by Donatello

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High Renaissance (1490-1520) Masters

• During this time, unbelievable accomplishments
  were reached by Leonardo, Raphael, and
  Michelangelo. These three greats were all in the
  same cities at the same time competing against
  each other.

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Michelangelo

• Painter, sculptor, architect, poet etc.
• Designed dome St. Peters
• Sistine Chapel
• David/detail on sculpture

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Sistine Chapel

• http//www.habeeb.com/sistine.chapel.vatican.html

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Leonardo Da Vinci

• Renaissance man
• Mona Lisa and Last Supper
• Details/Humanist

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Raphael

• Influenced by Leonardo/Michelangelo
• Worked in Rome for Pope
• School of Athens
• Realism is his trademark

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Machiavelli

• Wrote The Prince which discussed new political
  dealings.
• For the sake of society the Prince must make
  hard, amoral, SECULAR decisions.
• Huge influence on following leaders and set tone
  for new nobility
• Increased power, military obligations, become
  LEARNED

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13.2 Northern Renaissance
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Northern Renaissance

• Diffusion w/trade, war, and travel
• Religious
• What helped spread new ideas?

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Printing Press

• SPREAD NEW IDEAS TO MORE PEOPLE
• Johann Gutenberg 1440 invents movable type.
• Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1st)
• Everyday people/vernacular
• Religious implications?

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Flanders

• Artistic center of Northern Europe
• Oil Based Paints
• Pieter Bruegel at height of Flemish painting
• Everyday life humanism different than Italian

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Spread of Art

• High Ren. In north coincides with the South
  mainly due to
• Albrecht Durer
• Highly influential in
• Germany

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Christian Humanists

• Desiderius Erasmus from Holland
• - The Praise of Folly
• -Christianity of heart and critical of church
  corruption.
• -Bible study to improve society
• -scorned those whoDont want the holy
  scriptures to be read in translation by the
  unlearnedas if the chief strength of the
  Christian religion lay in peoples ignorance of
  it.

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Humanist Action

• Thomas More from England
• Utopia (No place) social commentary
• IMPROVE SOCIETY
• Stressed education and classical learning to
  bring about moral and religious reform.

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Shakespeare

• 1564 Stratford-upon-Avon
• Human flaws in most plays
• Classics
• What a piece of work is a man, how noble in
  reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and
  moving, how express and admirable in action, how
  like an angel in apprehension, how like a god!
  The beauty of the world the paragon of animals.
  Hamlet