Georgia

1
Georgias Redemption Years

• Redemption can mean recovery, deliverance, or
  rescue
• (1) For Georgia this era was a period for the
  state to redeem from the hardships of
  reconstruction.

2
Atlanta experienced a rebirth after the Civil
War and began its rise from the ashes, slowly
becoming one of the more important cities in the
South.
3

• A City Rises from the Ashes
• Atlanta becomes capital in 1868
• Entrepreneurs, both black and white, developed
  new services and products.
• New South Era was a time of terrible racism and
  injustice.
• Segregation became the law of the land
• Women played a big role in reform.

4
The Bourbon Triumvirate

• (3) Three democratic leaders that heavily
  influenced Georgia Politics from 1872 -1890.
  Triumvirate means ruling party of three
• Three Democrats that tried to help Georgia
  rebuild after Reconstruction
• Dominated Georgia politics for nearly 30 years
  rotated positions of governor/U.S. Senator
  70s-90s.
• Wanted stronger economic ties with industrial
  North
• (2)Protected white supremacy, the belief that the
  white race is superior to any other race.

5
Joseph E. Brown

• Born in South Carolina but grew up in Georgia
• Graduated from Yale
• Opened a law office in Canton, Georgia
• (4)State senator from1849 until 1855
• Judge for Blue Ridge Judicial Circuit
• Elected Georgias governor in 1857 and reelected
  for 3 more terms
• Appointed chief justice of the Georgia Supreme
  Court
• Appointed state seat after Gordon resigned and
  stayed there until 1891
• Trustee of UGA for 23 years
• President of the Atlanta Board of Education

6
Alfred H. Colquitt

• Born in Walton County Georgia.
• Son of US Senator (Colquitt County is named for
  his father)
• Princeton University
• Fought in the Mexican War
• State Senator with Brown in 1849
• Major General in Civil War
• Elected Governor in 1876 and serving until 1882
• He was tried for corruption, but found innocent
• Reduced state debt and a new state constitution
  was approved 1877, the next one would be 1945
• Served in the US Senate1883 and 1888, died 1894

7
John B. Gordon

• Son of a minister, born in Upson County
• Attended the University of Georgia
• Worked as a newspaper correspondent
• Manager of a coal mine in Dade County at
  beginning of Civil War
• Lt. General in Civil War
• In 1872, he became a US Senator defeating
  Alexander Stephens
• In 1880, he resigned the senate and worked with
  railroads
• In 1886, he became Georgia Governor and served
  two terms
• Reduced debt and brought industry into the state
• Returned to US Senate in 1891-1897
• Gordon College in Barnesville, is named after him.

8
(5)Decline of the triumvirate

• Positive Contributions

• Criticisms

• Lowered taxes
• Reduced war debt
• Expanded business and industry

• Did little to help
• the poor and lower middle class
• Education
• Improve factory working conditions
• Improve mental hospitals or convicts.

9

• (6)The Feltons Challenge the Bourbons
• William and Rebecca Latimer Felton
• William was a doctor, Methodist preacher, farmer,
  and public speaker.
• Both were leaders of the Democratic Party
• Their family owned The Carterville Courant, a
  newspaper.
• They used their paper as a platform to criticize
  the Bourbon Triumvirate.
• Brought attention
• Unfairness of the convict lease system
• Causes of the poor and middle class
• Worked for fairness and justice
• Rebecca was a leader in Womens Suffrage and
  Temperance Movements
• In 1889, Hoke Smith asked her to be a columnist
  for the Atlanta Journal.
• She remained with the Journal for 41 years.

10
The Convict Lease System

• During the Civil War prisons were destroyed
• After the War, lack of jobs led to crime
• What was the state to do with increase of prison
  population? (90 were black)
• One solution was the Convict Lease System

11
(7)Convict Lease System
Prisoners were leased out to people who would
provide them with housing and food in exchange
for labor.

• Benefits

• Criticisms

• The state did not have to support the cost of
  prisoners
• Initially, prisoners completed public works
  projects

• Companies profited and did not care for the
  convicts adequately
• Some prisoners were worked to death
• Paid laborers lost out on jobs
• Increased the large number of poor and unemployed.

12
The Populist Movement

• Dr. and Mrs. Felton pushed for
• Improvements in Education
• Improvements in Prison reform
• Limits on alcohol traffic

13
Henry W. Grady, the Souths Best Salesman

• (8) Grady spoke frequently about the New South
  describing it as a more economically diverse and
  industrialized like the north.
• Spoke of the growing southern economy, replacing
  agriculture with industry, textile mills, coal
  and iron mining, and tobacco factories
• He wanted African Americans to become partners in
  developing the NEW SOUTH
• Video

Grady died of Pneumonia at the age of 39. He
accomplished much in his short life.
14
(9) Henry W. Grady

• Born in Athens
• Graduated UGA
• Attended 2 years of law school
• Worked for a newspaper
• Hired as Southern correspondent for the New York
  Herald
• Became managing editor of the Atlanta
  Constitution
• Visionary for the New South
• Believe that African Americans were partners for
  the New South
• Helped establish Georgia Tech
• Helped raise money for YMCA in Atlanta
• Died at age 39 of pneumonia.

15
International Cotton Expositions1881, 1885 1895

• Established to promote Atlantas industry
  accomplishments

16
International Cotton Exposition

• Similar to the Worlds Fairs held during same
  time period
• Aimed to lure northern investment into region
• Heavily promoted by Henry W. Grady

During 1895 Exposition, Booker T. Washington gave
his famous Atlanta Compromise Speech.
17
Education in the New South Era Outline

• (10) Georgias 1868 Constitution called for free
  public education for all children o f the state.
  
• (11) Most Georgians did not value education
  beyond the 8th grade and believed childrens time
  could be spent better working on farms or in
  factories. Georgia only required a three month
  school year. Schools were segregated.

18
Teacher Training late 1800s

1. People who wanted to teach took a test
   (70passing)
2. Most had never been to college
3. In 1882, 252 teachers went to school in Georgia

19
Textile Mills

• (12) A textile mill is a factory that used raw
  materials such as cotton or wool to produce
  textile for cloth . Main manufacturing centers
  were located along the Fall Lin in Augusta,
  Columbus, and Macon for water power provided by
  the rivers.
• Video

20
Timberland and Minerals

• (13) Trees were turned into lumber used to
  replace buildings destroyed in the war and to
  build new factories, mills and housing.
• Also- ships, furniture, and pulp and paper.
• (14) Minerals found in Georgia include kaolin,
  gold, coal, bauxite

21
Joel Chandler Harris

• Born in Eatonton, Georgia
• Humorist (comedian)
• Wrote about Southern past (slave, cabins, cotton
  fields)
• Most famous book- Uncle Remus
• Wrote for Atlanta Constitution for 25 years
• Wrote editorials dealing with southern race
  problems

22
Sidney Lanier

• Native of Macon, Georgia
• Gifted musician
• Graduated from Oglethorpe University
• Captured during the Civil War served 5 months
  in prison released and walked home from Maryland
  to Macon
• Played flute in the Peabody Symphony
• Taught at Johns Hopkins University
• One of Americas most successful poets

23
Charles Henry Smith

• Humorist/Satirist
• Wrote for Atlanta Constitution
• Native of Lawrenceville
• Attended Franklin College
• Served in Confederate Army
• Elected to state senate
• Elected mayor of Rome
• Worked as journalist for Rome Courier
• Created Bill Arp character, a simple Georgia
  cracker with little education and backwoods
  dialect.

24
Farmers Alliance

• Began as a social group but formed cooperative
  buying stores (co-ops) to purchase goods directly
  from producers to buy seeds, fertilizer and farm
  tools at lower prices. This group grew into a
  political party, The Populist Party that lobbied
  for farmers.