NOTES: Jupiter

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NOTES Jupiter 11.2 D(earth) -150 C Outer
ammonia crystal cloud 80 H, 19 He, traces of
water, methane, ammonia Large magnetic
field--over 10x Earth's Differential rotation 9.8
hrs at equator Features Great Red
Spot--cyclonic storm, lasting over 300 yrs.
Belts (darker outward flow), and zones (lighter
inward flow). Liquid and solid metallic
hydrogen in core--p's e-s--current 6
oblate sphere. A ring of dust particles.
Large Van Allen Belts. Emits more energy than
it receives (true of all Jovian
Planets). Visiting Spacecraft 1973-4 Pioneer
10, 11 flyby, 1979 Voyager I II moons
1997--Galileo plunged into atmosphere--found less
water than expected. Satellites 80
and counting
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Jupiter 11.2 D(earth) -150 C Outer ammonia
crystal cloud
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80 H, 19 He, traces of water, methane, ammonia
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Large magnetic field--over 14x Earth's In
magnitude, 1,000x the energy content.
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Differential rotation 9.8 hrs at equator, 11
hours at the poles.
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Features Great Red Spot--cyclonic storm, size
of several Earths, lasting over 300 yrs.
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Belts (darker inward flow), and zones (lighter
outward flow).
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Liquid and solid metallic hydrogen in core caused
by pressure --protons electrons?current? strong
magnetic field.
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Jupiter and all the gas giants are oblate
spheroids. Why? Centrifugal force and tidal
force from sun.
Jupiter 6 oblate sphere.
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A ring of dust particles in the path of the moon,
Io. Also, large Van Allen Belts.
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Emits more energy than it receives (true of all
Jovian Planets). The planet is still contracting
and converting gravitational Energy into heat.
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Early Visiting Spacecraft 1973-4 Pioneer 10, 11
flyby, 1979 Voyager I II moons
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1997--Galileo dropped probe into
atmosphere --found less water than expected.
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Then Galileo went on to explore the moons of
Jupiter --up closer and personal!
Satellites 80 and counting 4 Galilean moons
about size of Mercury.
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Io 9 volcanic plumes, unique surface
volcanism, terraced hills at poles.
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This Voyager image of Ra Patera, a large shield
volcano on Io, shows colorful flows up to 200
miles long emanating from the dark central
volcanic vent.
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Io, the pizza crust moon Heated by tidal force of
big passing moons.
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Europa--streaks and fissures in ice crust a few
km wide. Life underneath ice? --liquid subsurface
ocean?
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Ganymedelargest Jupiterian moon, had plate
techtonics in past, multiple parallel ridges like
ruffled potato chip, cratering. dark region of
original surface.
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Callistomost battered moon in the solar
system --vast crater-Valhalla--with ruffled
rings, ice rock.