Jupiter

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Jupiter

• Tara Fitzpatrick
• Carl Hoeg
• Brittany Suiter

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General Characteristics

• Mass (kg) 1.900e27
• Mass (Earth 1) 3.1794e02
• Equatorial radius (km) 71,492
• Equatorial radius (Earth 1) 1.1209e01
• Mean density (gm/cm3) 1.33
• Mean distance from the Sun (km) 778,330,000
• Mean distance from the Sun (Earth 1) 5.2028
• Rotational period (days) 0.41354
• Orbital period (days) 4332.71
• Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 13.07
• Orbital eccentricity 0.0483
• Tilt of axis (degrees) 3.13
• Orbital inclination (degrees) 1.308
• Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec2) 22.88
• Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 59.56
• Mean cloud temperature -121C
• Atmospheric pressure (bars) 0.7
• Atmospheric composition
• Hydrogen 90

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• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and is
  the largest one in the solar system.
• Jupiter, also known as Jove, was named after the
  Greek God Zeus.
• Its the fourth brightest object in the sky.

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• If Jupiter were hollow, more than 1,000 Earths
  could fit inside.
• Auroral emissions, similar to Earths Northern
  Lights, were observed in the polar regions.

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Surface Features

• No Solid Surface
• Made of dense, colored clouds
• Light colored areas Zones
• Dark colored areas Belts

• Regions circle planet parallel to the equator
• Most noted feature is the Great Red Spot

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Atmosphere

• Atmosphere is made up of layers
• 90 hydrogen
• 10 helium
• traces of water vapor, methane, and ammonia

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Comet Impact

• Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 struck in July of 1994
• Comet broke into 21 pieces before impact
• Pieces fell onto Jupiter causing large
  explosions
• Compression heating
• Rapid expansion of atmospheric gasses.
• Comet debris spread into a haze that remained in
  Jupiters atmosphere for several months

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The Great Red Spot

• 1664 first seen
• About 3 Earths across
• Rotates completely every 6 Days
• Color
• Creation

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Red Jr. Oval BA
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Interior Structure

• Liquid Hydrogen layer
• Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Layer
• Core

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Heat Emission

• Jupiter emits 1.688 time as much heat as it
  receives.
• Somehow Jupiter has or is generating Internal
  Heat
• Generate in the Decay of unstable isotopes
• Slow gravitational contraction enters the
  atmosphere from the interior of the planet
• Jupiter is an undersized star
• Leftover heat from the planets formation

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Magnetic Field

• Convection and Rapid Rotation stirs up the liquid
  metallic hydrogen in Jupiter
• Drives Dynamo effect
• Generates Magnetic
• Field
• 10 times stronger
• than Earth

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Magnetosphere

• Donut like rings coming from Jupiters Poles
• Similar to Earths Van Allen Belts
• Catch particles from Solar wind
• Particles are then stuck in the circular rings
• Levels of Radiation in Jupiters Magnetosphere is
  over 4,000 times the lethal amount for a Human

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Jupiters Auroras

• Around the poles of Jupiter Auroras can be seen
  through UV observation
• Auroras are electrical currents flowing down into
  the atmosphere
• Result of Solar wind and magnetic field
  interacting

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Jupiters Rings

• Jupiters Rings were a surprise discovery
• Observed by Voyager 1 in 1979
• Rings are a billion times less dense than
  Saturns rings

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Explorations

• Galileo discover Jupiters four large moons.
• Io
• Europa
• Ganymede
• Callisto
• They are known as the Galilean Moons and he
  recorded their motions back and forth around
  Jupiter.

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Explorations Continued

• Jupiter was first visited by Pioneer 10 in 1973.

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Explorations Continued

• The Rings of Jupiter were discovered in 1979 by
  Voyager 1.
• Ulysses has also been sent to take pictures of
  Jupiter.
• The space craft Galileo orbited Jupiter for 8
  years.
• Jupiter is regularly observed by the Hubble Space
  Telescope.