New Movements in America

1
New Movements in America

• Immigrants, Reformers, and the Arts

2
Irish Immigration

• In the 1840s a blight on the potato crop caused a
  famine in Ireland.
• Four million Irishmen fled to the U.S. between
  1840-1860.
• They settled mostly in Boston, New York, New
  Jersey, and Pennsylvania .

3
German Immigrants

• Revolutions and political instability in Europe
  in 1848 prompted many Germans to seek refuge in
  the U.S.A.
• They settled mainly in the west where they became
  farmers and craftsmen.

4
Urban Squalor

• Many immigrants lived in crowded unsanitary
  tenements.
• Immigrants were often employed working long hours
  in unsafe factories known as sweatshops.

5
Anti-Immigration Movements

• Immigrants who spoke unfamiliar languages and
  worshipped differently were feared and reviled .
• Workers feared that cheap immigrant labor would
  drive down wages.
• Anti-immigrant groups such as the Know-Nothings
  and the Nativists were active in the 1840s and
  1850s. They particularly despised Catholics and
  Jews.

Racism and xenophobia were reflected in popular
cartoons of the day.
6
Transcendentalists

• Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
  opposed the Mexican War and slavery and advocated
  self-reliance and civil disobedience.

 
 
7
Literature

• American authors such as Edgar Allan Poe, Emily
  Dickinson, and Herman Melville influenced future
  authors in America and abroad.
• Mark Twain was the greatest humorist and satirist
  of the age.

Edgar Allan Poe
8
Second Great Awakening

• Charles Grandison Finney (top) preached that
  sinners could save their souls through good works
  (helping the poor and the needy etc.)
• His teachings were spread in raucous outdoor
  meetings known as revivals.
• Traditional protestant ministers such as Lyman
  Beecher (right) fretted that Finneys personal
  approach to salvation would erode the power and
  influence of established Protestant ministers.

9
Reformers make the world a better Place

• Carry Nation crusaded for temperance (alcohol
  abuse prevention).
• Horace Mann was an advocate for free public
  education.
• Dorothea Dix fought for humane and sanitary
  prisons and mental institutions.
• Catherine Beecher was outspoken on behalf of
  higher education for women.
• Thomas Gallaudet was a pioneer in the field of
  education for the hearing impaired.

10
Abolitionists

• William Lloyd Garrison, a pacifist, founded the
  American Anti-Slavery Society and published an
  abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.
• The Grimke sisters tried to persuade white
  southern women to oppose slavery.
• Escaped slave, Frederick Douglass, published
  several autobiographies and a newspaper, the
  North Star.
• Sojourner Truth used her stirring voice and quick
  wit to preach against slavery.

• Harriet Tubman led more than 300 slaves to
  freedom on the Underground Railroad.
• Elijah Lovejoy was killed for his anti-slavery
  views.

11
Suffragettes

• Abolitionists like Sojourner Truth, Frederick
  Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the Grimke
  sisters also fought for equal rights for women.
• Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
  Lucretia Mott, and Lucy Stone used civil
  disobedience, non-violent protests, mass
  demonstrations, and impassioned appeals to help
  win the right to vote for women. The suffragettes
  finally succeeded with the passage of the
  Nineteenth Amendment.

12
Bring Your Pennies!

• Dont these girls deserve a school?
• Shouldnt you help?
• Isnt Mr. Scalos class the best place to give?
• What are you waiting for?