Rolihlahla Nelson Mandela By Greg Long Project Overview

1
Rolihlahla Nelson Mandela

• By Greg Long

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Project Overview

• Period1 Early years
• Childhood, education (through college)
• Period 2
• Political activity
• Participation with the ANC (African National
  Congress)
• Anti-apartheid
• Arrest/ imprisonment
• First black president of South Africa
• Period 3 Aftermath

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Period 1

• Childhood
• Education

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Background and Childhood

• Born into the Thembu Dynasty July 18, 1918
• A clan like tribe
• Born Rolihlahla Mandela
• Means one who brings trouble upon himself.
• Great grandfather was king of the Thembu Dynasty
• Mandela could not succeed b/c his mother was of
  the Ixhiba clan.
• Father had 4 wives, 13 children
• 4 boys, 9 girls
• The Thembu later became subject to British control

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Education

• 1st of his family to go to school
• Started at age 7
• Attended a Wesleyan mission school
• Was renamed Nelson
• After the British Admiral Henry Nelson who found
  it hard to pronounce
• Later attended Clarkbury Boarding Institute
• Where he learned about western culture
• Studied for his B.A. at Fort Hare University
• Was later expelled for being involved in a
  boycott by the Students' Representative Council
  against the university policies
• Fled to Johannesburg with a friend to escape
  arranged marriages
• Completed his education at the University of
  South Africa (1942)

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Period 2

• Political Activity

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African National Congress

• A social democratic political party
• Founded to increase the rights of blacks
• Finally determined that Gandhi's peaceful tactics
  were not effective against apartheid
• Fought against South Africa
• And rival tribe/ clans/ freedom groups
• These groups were at times employed by the govt.
  to hinder the ANCs progress

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Mandelas Political Activity

• Participated actively in ANC political movements
• Defiance Campaign (1952)
• Congress of the People (1955)
• He and good friend Oliver Tambo set up a law
  practice
• Provided free/low-cost representation for blacks
  who needed it for whatever cause
• Mandela was a supporter of the ANCs non-violent
  approach
• Later arrested along w/ 150 others December 1956
• Charged with treason
• Later Mandela was put in charge of all the ANCs
  guerilla military activities (1961)
• Coordinated sabotage campaigns against S. African
  military and government targets
• Made plans for a guerilla war, just in case
  sabotage did not end apartheid

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Anti- Apartheid

• www.Dictionary.com definition of apartheid
• 1. A rigid policy of segregation of the nonwhite
  population.
• Tried to take on apartheid from a political and
  non-violent stand point
• Not successful
• Put violent pressure on the S. African govt.

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Arrest and Imprisonment of Nelson Mandela

• Arrested again August 5th 1962
• CIA tipped off S. Africa govt. concerning his
  location
• Sentenced to 5 years in jail
• Imprisoned on Robben Island
• Remained there for 18 years
• In prison for a total of 27 years
• Was offered freedom in return for him calling of
  the armed attacks by President Botha

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Release of Mandela

• Released from Victor Verster Prison in Paarl on
  February 11, 1990 by president de Klerk
• And de Klerk also announced the acceptance of the
  ANC and other anti apartheid groups
• Mandela recognized this step in the right
  direction, but did not call off armed strikes

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President Mandela

• Mandela and the ANC won the popular vote making
  him the first black president ever in S. African
  history
• April 27 1994
• With his presidency he ended apartheid
• After presidency later won the Nobel Prize for
  all his efforts

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Bibliography

• 1) Waldmeir, Patti. Anatomy of a Miracle The
  End of Apartheid and the Birth of a New South
  Africa. London Viking, 1997.
• "African National Congress Homepage." Nelson
  Rolihlahla MANDELA. ANC. 16 Mar 2007
  lthttp//www.anc.org.za/people/mandela.htmlgt.
• 3) "frontline the walk of nelson mandela."
  PBS.org. May 1999. PBS. 16 Mar 2007
  lthttp//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/man
  dela/gt.

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Picture Bibliography

• "South African Political Parties." South African
  Political Parties. 5 Apr 2007 lthttp//www.atlasgeo
  .net/fotw/images/z/za7Danc.gif gt.
• "1990 Freedom for Nelson Mandela." BBC News. 5
  Apr 2007lthttp//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/
  stories/february/11/newsid_2539000/2539947.stmgt.
• "Nelson Mandela." poster de. 6 Apr 2007
  lthttp//www.poster.de/Anonymous/Anonymous-Nelson-M
  andela-Freed-2505064.htmlgt.
• Hart, Vivian. "DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION MAKING
  THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIENCE." 6 Apr 2007
  lthttp//usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0304/ijde/
  hart.htmgt.
• "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela." http//www.soweto.co.
  za/. 6 Apr 2007 lthttp//www.soweto.co.za/html/p_ma
  ndela.htmgt.