The French and Indian War

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The French and Indian War
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British-French Rivalry
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British-French Rivalry

• Population in the British colonies grew resulting
  in people moving west into the Ohio River Valley.
  
• This land was controlled by French fur traders.
• The French controlled this land because they
  traded fur with Native Americans.
• They became very rich!
• In the 1740s, British went into the Ohio River
  Valley and built a fort deep in the French
  territory.
• What is going to happen?????

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• The French attacked them and drove the British
  back to their land.
• Then France built a string of forts to protect
  their land.
• Two mighty powers - Britain and France were
  headed for a showdown in North America.
• Britain and France didnt like each other, and
  had been competing for wealth for centuries.

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• In North America, the French and British fought
  over
• land
• fur trade
• rich fishing in the North Atlantic.
• The French defended the Ohio River Valley.
• The British feared the French would try to
  overtake their colonies.

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Native Americans Take Sides
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Native Americans Take Sides

• Whatever side the Native Americans chose would be
  important. WHY???
• The side that received the most help in the war
  from the Native Americans would win the war and
  control North America.

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• The Native Americans decided the support the
  French for the following reasons
• the French just wanted to trade furs
• The British wanted to take their land
• the French were more tolerant of Native American
  customs
• some Frenchmen married Native American women
• some Frenchmen followed Native American customs

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• The only group of Native Americans that supported
  the British were the Iroquois Confederacy.

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American Colonists Take Action
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American Colonist Take Action

• Virginia sent a 21 year old planter and surveyor
  named George Washington to the Ohio River Valley.
• Washingtons mission was to tell the French that
  they were trespassing on territory claimed by
  Britain and demand that they leave.

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• The French ignored Washingtons warning.
• The governor of Virginia made Washington a
  lieutenant colonel
• And sent him back to the Ohio country with a
  small army of 150 men
• Washington had instructions to build a fort in
  Pittsburgh.
• When Washington and his troops arrived, they
  found the French already building a fort on that
  spot.

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• Washington established a small post called Fort
  Necessity nearby.
• Washington was outnumbered!
• he decided to attack the French.
• The French, however, surrounded Washingtons
  soldiers and forced them to surrender
• Even though George Washington lost to the French,
  he became a hero because he struck the first blow
  against the French.
• Washingtons defeat at Fort Necessity marked the
  beginning of a full scale war known as the French
  and Indian War.

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George Washington
Fort Necessity
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• While Washington struggled with the French,
  representatives from the colonies met to discuss
  the threat of war.
• The representatives assembled in Albany, NY.
• Wanted the colonies to work together to beat the
  French
• They also hoped to persuade the Iroquois to take
  their side against the French.
• The representatives adopted a plan suggested by
  Benjamin Franklin, the Albany Plan of Union.

Benjamin Franklin
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• The Albany Plan of Union called for the
  following
• One general government that ruled all the
  colonies would
• collect taxes
• raise troops
• regulate trade
• No colony approved the plan because they did not
  want to give up any of its power.
• The Albany meeting failed to unite the colonies.

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• The colonists arent united so
• What do you think will happen next?

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The British Government Takes Action
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• Gen. Edward Braddock commander of the British
  army in America
• Britain sent him to drive the French out of the
  Ohio River Valley.
• George Washington served as one of his guides.
• He tried to tell Braddock that his armys formal
  style of marching was not well suited to fighting
  in frontier country.
• Lined up in columns and rows, the troops made
  easy targets for the French and Native Americans.

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• Why did
• George Washington
• warn General Braddock about his style of
  marching?
• What do you think Braddock did?

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• Braddock ignored the advice!!
• The combined force of Native American warriors
  and French troops ambushed the British.
• The Indians fired from behind trees, aiming at
  the bright uniforms.
• The British could not even see their attackers.
• Braddock was killed along with nearly 1,000
  troops.
• Washington led the survivors back to VA.

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• When news of Braddocks defeat reached London,
  Britain declared war on France, beginning the
  Seven Years War.
• This war was the name given to the French and
  Indian War which was fought in Europe.

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• The first years of the war were disastrous for
  the British and their American colonies. Native
  Americans used the roads that Braddocks troops
  cut and the bridges they built to raid frontier
  farms.

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• They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and
  crops, and drove many families back toward the
  coast.
• To avoid having to deal w/ constant arguments
  from the colonies about the costs of the war,
  Britain decided to pay for supplies needed for
  the war not matter the cost. In doing so,
  Britain ran up an enormous debt.
• The turning point of the war was when the British
  defeated the French and captured Fort Louisbourg.

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The Fall of New France
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• The treaty made the following provisions
• France was permitted to keep the West Indies
• France agreed to give Britain Canada and all the
  land east of the Mississippi River
• Spain, who assisted the French, gave Britain
  Florida.
• France agreed to give Spain all their land west
  of the Mississippi River
• The Treaty of Paris 1763 marked the end of France
  as a power in North America.

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Trouble on the Frontier
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Trouble on the Frontier

• The British victory over the French dealt a blow
  to the Native Americans of the Ohio River Valley.
  They had lost their French allies and trading
  partners.
• Although they continued to trade w/ the British,
  the Indians regarded them as enemies.
• The British raised the prices of their goods and,
  unlike the French, refused to pay rent for their
  forts.

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• Worst of all, British settlers began moving into
  their territory.
• Pontiac, an Indian chief, recognized that the
  British settlers threatened the Native American
  way of life.
• Pontiac wanted to join Indian groups to fight the
  British. He managed to put together an alliance
  of Native Americans.
• He laid siege to the British fort in Detroit
  while other war parities captured most of the
  other British outpost in the Great Lakes region.

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• These series of attacks has come to be known as
  Pontiacs War.
• The Native Americans, however, failed to capture
  the important strongholds. The war ended when
  Pontiac learned that the French had signed the
  Treaty of Paris 1763.
• To prevent more fighting, Britains king, George
  III, issued the Proclamation Line of 1763. This
  imaginary line prevented settlers from going west
  of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Chief Pontiac
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• The proclamation angered many people and they
  felt King George III had no right to impose such
  a law.
• Although the end of the French and Indian War
  brought peace for the first time in many years,
  the Proclamation Line of 1763 created friction
  between Britain and the colonies.

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