Physical Interaction in Communication Design

1
Physical Computing
Introduction to ELECTRONICSTransducer
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Telecomunication Design Dept.
2
Introduction to Digital World
Digitus (latin) Finger
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3
Electronics

• deals with the controlled flow of electrons
• The ability to control electron flow is usually
  applied to information handling or device control.

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4
Electricity

• phenomena resulting from the
• Presence and flow of electric charge
• deals with the generation, distribution, control
  and application of electrical power

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5
Electric potential
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6
Electric current
 a flow of electric charge unit for rate of
flow of electric charge is the ampere.conducti
ve metal 
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7
Electric Trafic
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8
Electric Components
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9
Wires

• carry 
• electricity and 
• telecommunications signals

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10
Switch (anahtar)

• electrical component 
• that can break an electrical circuit

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11
Resistors (direnç)

• produces a voltage across its terminals
• that is proportional to
• the electric current 
• V  IR

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12
Potentiometer
?

• three-terminal resistor with
• a sliding contact that forms
• an adjustable voltage divider

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13
Diode (diyot)

• allow an electric current in one
• direction and to block the current
• in the opposite direction

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14
Light Emiting Diode(LED)

•  electronic light source
• lower energy consumption, longer lifetime,
• improved robustness, smaller size
• and faster switching

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15
Circuit

• a closed path or paths formed
• by the interconnection of 
• electronic components through
• which an electric current can flow

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16
Breadboard
Resistor Value
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17
Transducers

• A transducer is a device that converts one type
  of energy to another.
• Transducers may be categorized by
  application Sensor, actuator, or combination.

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18
Sensors

• A sensor is a device that measures a physical
  quantity and converts it into a signal which can
  be read by an observer or by an instrument. 

• Acoustic, sound, vibration
• Automotive, transportation
• Chemical
• Electric current, electric potential
• magnetic, radio
• Environment, weather, humidity
• Flow, fluid velocity
• Radiation, subatomic particles

• Navigation instruments
• Position, angle, displacement
• distance, speed, acceleration
• Optical, light, imaging
• Pressure
• Force, density, level
• Thermal, heat, temperature
• Proximity, presence

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19
Acoustic, sound, vibration Geophone Hydrophone Lac
e Sensor a guitar pickup Microphone Seismometer Ac
celerometer Automotive, transportation Air-fuel
ratio meter Crank sensor Curb feeler, used to
warn driver of curbs Defect detector, used on
railroads to detect axle and signal problems in
passing trains MAP sensor Parking sensors, used
to alert the driver of unseen obstacles during
parking manoeuvres Radar gun, used to detect the
speed of other objects Speedometer, used measure
the instantaneous speed of a land vehicle Speed
sensor, used to detect the speed of an
object Throttle position sensor, used to monitor
the position of the throttle in an internal
combustion engine Variable reluctance sensor,
used to measure position and speed of moving
metal components Water sensor or water-in-fuel
sensor, used to indicate the presence of water in
fuel Wheel speed sensor, used for reading the
speed of a vehicle's wheel rotatio
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20
Position, angle, displacementDistance, speed,
acceleration Accelerometer Capacitive
displacement sensor Free fall sensor Inclinometer
Laser rangefinder Linear encoder Linear variable
differential transformer Liquid capacitive
inclinometers Odometer Piezoelectric
accelerometer Position sensor Rotary
encoder Rotary variable differential
transformer Selsyn Sudden Motion Sensor Tilt
sensor Tachometer Ultrasonic thickness gauge
Optical, light, imaging Charge-coupled
device Colorimeter Contact image
sensor Electro-optical sensor Flame
detector Infra-red sensor LED as light
sensor Nichols radiometer Fiber
optic sensors Photodetector Photodiode Photomultip
lier tubes Phototransistor Photoelectric
sensor Photoionization detector Photomultiplier Ph
otoresistor Photoswitch Phototube Proximity
sensor Scintillometer Shack-Hartmann Wavefront
sensor
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21
What Can Be Sensed?

• Light
• Presence, color, intensity, content, direction
• Sound
• Presence, frequency, intensity, content ,
  direction
• Heat
• Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, direction
• Chemicals
• Presence, concentration, identity, etc.
• Object Proximity
• Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color, etc.
• Physical orientation/attitude/position
• Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc.

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22
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23
Button-Switchs
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24
Potentiometers
Slide Potentiometer
SoftPot Membrane Potentiometer
Rotary Potentiometer
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25
Light
Color light sensor
Photocell
CMOS Camera
IR Camera
IR Photo Transistor
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26
Infra Red
Infrared Emitters and Detectors
Photo Interrupter 
Description This sensor is composed of an
infrared emitter on one upright and a shielded
infrared detector on the other. By emitting a
beam of infrared light from one upright to the
other, the sensor can detect when an object
passes between the uprights, breaking the beam.
Used for many applications including optical
limit switches, pellet dispensing, general object
detection, etc. Gap width 10mm
Infrared Proximity Sensor
Description Infrared proximity sensor made by
Sharp. Part GP2Y0A21YK has an analog output
that varies from 3.1V at 10cm to 0.4V at 80cm.
The sensor has a Japanese Solderless Terminal
(JST) Connector. We recommend purchasing the
related pigtail below or soldering wires directly
to the back of the module.
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27
Proximity
ePIR

• Features
• fully functional motion detection
• based motion detection algorithms
• 2.7-3.6VDC operating voltage
• Typical current draw 8.9mA
• Wide 5 x 5m, 60 degree detection pattern
• Simple hardware or advanced serial
• Adjustable sensitivity, delay and
• ambient light threshold

Ultrasonic Range Finder
PIR Motion Sensor

• Features
• 42kHz Ultrasonic sensor
• Operates from 2.5-5.5V
• Low 2mA supply current
• 20Hz reading rate
• RS232 Serial Output - 9600bps
• Analog Output - 10mV/inch
• PWM Output - 147uS/inch
• Small, light weight module

Red wire is power (5 to 12V). Brown wire is GND.
Black wire is open collector Alarm.This unit
works great from 5 to 12V (datasheet shows 12V).
You can also install a jumper wire past the 5V
regulator on board to make this unit work at
3.3V. Sensor uses 1.6mA_at_3.3V.
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28
Magnetic
3-Axis Magnetometer

• Description PNI Corp's 3-axis magnetometer.
  Ready for the big time? Low noise, large
  resolution magnetic field sensing all packed into
  a user-friendly DIP module at your disposal.
  Stable over a wide temperature range, the
  MicroMag3 is a must have for orientation sensing
  and navigation.
• Features
• 500uA _at_ 3.3V DC
• Field measurement range /-1100uT
• Resolution as low as 0.015uT
• SPI interface - no additional circuitry needed

Compass Module
Hall Effect Sensor

• Features
• Simple I2C interface 
• 2.7 to 5.2V supply range
• 1 to 20Hz selectable update rate
• True drop-in solution
• 0.5 degree heading resolution
• 1 degree repeatability
• Supply current 1mA _at_ 3V

Description The US1881 is an integrated Hall
effect latched sensor. That's nice but what does
it do? Holding a magnet near the sensor will
cause the output pin to toggle. This makes for a
robust presence sensor. A reed sensor also works
nicely, but can be limited by the glass
encapsulation and size. A hall effect sensor is
much smaller, but can handle less current than a
reed switch.
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Telecomunication Design Dept.
29
Temperature
Thermistor 10K
Infrared Thermometer 
Description 10K thermistor with a negative
temperature coefficient.  Good choice for
temp-sensing aplications.
Description Melexis' MLX90614ESF-BAA is an
infrared thermometer designed for non-contact
temperature sensing. An internal 17-bit ADC and a
powerful DSP contribute to the MLX90614's high
accuracy and resolution. It has a huge number of
applications including body temperature
measurment and movement detection.
Digital Temperature Sensor
Description This is a breakout board for the
incredibly small TMP102 digital temperature
sensor. The TMP102 is a digital sensor (I2C
a.k.a. TWI), has a resolution of 0.0625C, and is
accurate up to 0.5C. The sensor requires very
low-current, and is loaded with features.
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30
Weather
Weather Meters
Description This is a simple weather station
that includes an anemometer, wind vane, and rain
gauge. Includes mounting hardware and RJ11
connections to the sensors. The anemometer uses
a reed switch, so simple frequency detection can
be used to measure wind speed. The wind vane uses
a potentiometer to detect wind direction. The
rain gauge acts as a switch that closes at
measured increments. Please see the datasheet for
more information.
Barometric Pressure Sensor
Description The SCP1000-D01 is a great IC - now
you can play with it! This is a simple breakout
board bringing the SPI interface pins to a 0.1"
header. Please note, we now stock the latest ASIC
rev C (IC label 'D01').The SCP1000 is the very
first absolute pressure sensor on the market to
use MEMS technology to grant 17-bit resolution.
Under ideal conditions, this sensor can detect
the pressure difference within a 9cm column of
air. 
Humidity Sensor
Description This is a breakout board for
Honeywell's HIH-4030 humidity sensor. The
HIH-4030 measures relative humidity (RH) and
delivers it as an analog output voltage. You can
connect the output of the sensor directly to an
ADC on a microcontroller and, thanks to the
sensor's near linear voltage output, the data is
very easy to process.
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Telecomunication Design Dept.
31
Biometrics
Polar Heart Rate Module
Description This is a OEM module for the Polar
Heart Rate system. This device works with any
Polar heart rate strap to pickup the
electromagnetic pulse and output a 1ms pulse
indicating a heart beat has occurred. Embed
a heart ratereading into your next project!
Fingerprint Scanner
Alcohol Gas Sensor
Description The Nitgen RS232 serial fingerprint
scanner is a powerful ADSP-BF531 Blackfin based
system. This scanner is capable of gathering and
storing unique finger prints. Simply hold your
finger on the optical scanner, query the device
over serial, and you will be issued a unique ID.
Use that ID within your embedded system to
determine access levels, time clocks, door locks,
etc.
Description This alcohol sensor is suitable for
detecting alcohol concentration on your breath,
just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high
sensitivity and fast response time. Sensor
provides an analog resistive output based on
alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very
simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple
interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC. 
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Telecomunication Design Dept.