Islam: An Exploratory Presentation

1
Islam An Exploratory Presentation

• I. The Prophet The Origin of Islam
• By Lisa
• II. The Community of Islam
• By Yvonne
• III. Divisions and The Early Expansion of Islam
• By Jenny
• IV. The Success of Islam
• By Diane

2
Muhammad

• The Prophet The Origin Of Islam

3
The Prophet

• Muhammad ibn Abdullah
• Lived Like Other People
• Belonged to the Banu Hashim
• Born about the Year 570 AD in Makkah
• Usually Selected as the primus inter pares
• Married a Widow Named Khadijah, Who Later Became
  the First Female Muslim

4
Hira

• 610 AD 40 years old
• Voice of the Angel Gabriel
• Divine Voices of the Quran
• Muhammad as the Prophet of Islam
• The Mountain of Light

5
The Quran

• Muhammad was Illiterate
• The First Words of the Message
• Read in the name of thy Lord
• who created, Created man, out
• of a clot of congealed blood.
• There were Several other Revelations
• Islam was proclaimed to the World The word
  Islam means the submission to the will of God.

6
The Prophets Journey

• Hostility Towards the Prophet and his Preaches
• Prophet Goes to Live in the City of madinah,
  which became the First Muslim Community
• Ummah Community
• This Journey was Called the Hijra, hcih Means
  Departure
• 622 AD, the Hijra, Became the First Year of the
  Muslim Calendar

7
The Five Pillars of Islam

• The Prophets Last Address at Arafat, just before
  his death in 632 AD.
• The First Pillar is the shahada, statement
  declaring belief and witness to one god, Allah,
  and excepting Muhammad as the messenger.
• The second pillar is prayer or salat. Muslims
  must pray five times a day and each prayer must
  take five to ten minutes.

8
The Five Pillars cont

• The third pillar is zakat (alms), which reflects
  the essential compassion of islam.
• The fourth pillar is sawn (fasting) that takes
  place during the ninth month of the Islamic
  calendar, which is called Ramadan.
• The fifth pillar is haj (pilgrimage), the annual
  gathering in Makkah.

9
The Community of Islam

• The Ummah

10
Civilization in Medina

• The Muslim community
• Rules and Instruction

11
Personal Life

• Purity and Cleanliness
• Diet, Clothing, and Adornment
• Personal Relationship and Status
• Decision Making and Responsibility

12
Family Life

• Marriage
• Husband-Wife Relationship
• Divorce
• Polygamy

13
Social Life

• Greeting and Postures
• Names of Individuals and Families
• Slavery

14
Economic Political Life

• Economic Life
• Muhammads Example
• Usury, Customs, and Contracts in Business
• Political Life
• Muhammad Decides

15
Divisions The Early Expansion of Islam
16
The Ummah after Muhammad

• Ummah- Muhammads Legacy
• Muhammads Death
• No clear successor
• Problems of divisiveness
• Questions arose about the existence of an Ummah

17
Divisions in Islam

• Sunnis
• Believed the successor should be a close, able
  follower of Muhammad
• Abu Bakr
• Shiites
• Believed Succession should be based on blood
  ties.
• Ali ibn Abi Talib

18
Differences Between Sunnis Shiites
In Leadership

• Sunnis
• Caliphs
• Not a blood of Muhammad
• New leader not a spiritual leader like Muhammad
• Creation of the Khalifa
• The First Caliphate/Four Caliphs

• Shiites
• Imams
• Divine succession
• Spiritual Leaders
• Designated at time of creation
• Without sin
• Secret knowledge

19
Differences Cont.
In Beliefs

• Sunnis
• Believe the Quran as revealed by Muhammad
• The five pillars
• Salvation attained thru Quran and the Sunnah
  of Muhammad

• Shiites
• Believe the Quran is word of Allah but Imams can
  add to it
• Variations in the five pillars
• Salvation would come with faith in the atoning
  death of Husayn

20
Islamic Expansion

• Under Muhammad(610-632)
• Medina -- towns
• Mecca -- groups of nomads
• Under the First Caliphate(632-661)
• Arabian Peninsula
• Beginnings of Westward and Eastward expansion
• Under the Second Caliphate The Umayyads(661-750)
• In Spain(711-1492)
• Under the Abbasids Caliphate(750-1258)
• Into India
• Further into Africa

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Islams Success

• Reasons as to why people choose to believe in
  Islam

Islams Success Reasons as to why people choose
to believe in Islam
24
Expansion of Islam

• In Koran it says that Islam would spread to all
  corners of the world.

25
Reasons

• People were tired of the same old regimes.
• They were allowed to keep their religion.
• Everyone was equal, color, race, religion did not
  matter.
• Unified power of one God to rule, the one
  people.

26

• There was a spiritual restlessness in
• Mekkah.
• Woman converted because of inequality.
• Muslins were the only ones allowed to reside
• in Mekkah.
• People liked the freedom to choose their
• religion.

27
Mecca
Al-Haran Mosque in Mecca Saudi, Arabia holiest
shrine of Islam the Kaaba.
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Meccas Economy

• Mecca was the major resource for trade.
• Kabbah was mainly responsible for the trade.
• Arabian incense, exotic spices, silks, and
  linens.

31
Mekkah(Mecca)

• It was an international trade place at the center
  of the communication network.
• It was where the Mediterranean, North Africa and
  Asia met.
• Mekkah also became a thriving mercantile city,
  but in the aggressive stampede for wealth some
  of
• of the old tribal values were lost.
• It was dominated by merchant aristocrats.

32
The Move to Medina

• The people of Mecca cared for wealth, instead of
  religion.
• Muhammad decides to leave Mekkah with his tribe
  to Medina.
• Mekkah lost its sanctity, it declines rapidly.

33
Thank youThe End