Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
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Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Define the term computer and identify its
components
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World
Wide Web
Distinguish between installing and running a
program
Identify the types of software
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Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
Describe the categories of computers
Determine how the elements of an information
system interact
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Computer Literacy
Knowledge and understanding of computers and
their uses
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Definition of a Computer
Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts data Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into information Data that is
organized, meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
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The Information Processing Cycle
Input
Process
Output
Storage
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Hardware and Software
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The Components of a Computer
Input Devices
Hardware used to enter data and instructions
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The Components of a Computer
Output Devices
Hardware that conveys information to a user
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The Components of a Computer
System Unit
Box-like case containing electronic components
used to process data
The system unit contains the motherboard
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The Components of a Computer
The Motherboard
The two main components on the motherboard are
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer what
to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
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The Integrated Circuit
The devices that make all modern electronics
possible
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The Integrated Circuit
Device with microscopic pathways that carry
electrical currents
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Storage
Storage holds data, instructions, and information
for future use.
Storage systems are made up of two parts
Storage media
Storage device
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Types of Storage
Hard Drive
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Types of Storage
CD/DVD
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Types of Storage
USB flash drives
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Types of Storage
Flash memory cards
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What makes a computer powerful?
Accuracy
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Networks
A collection of computers and devices connected
together
Made up of two parts
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Networks
A collection of computers and devices connected
together
Made up of two parts
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Networks
The reasons to network computers
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A Workgroup Network

• Simple to design and implement
• Localized security
• Convenient for smaller networks does not scale
  well

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A Domain Network

• More complex to design and implement
• Centralized security
• Required for large networks scales very well

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Networks
Local area network (LAN)
Network in limited geographical area such as home
or office building
Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in
city or town
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Networks
Wide area network (WAN)
Network that covers large geographic area using
many types of media
Internet is worlds largest WAN
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The Internet
The Internet is a Worldwide collection of
networks that connects millions of computers
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The Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
Communications
Information Sharing
Ecommerce
Entertainment
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The Internet
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a major component of
the Internet
The WWW is made up or billions of documents,
called Web pages, available to anyone connected
to the Internet
Web Page
Contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links
to other Web pages
Web Site
A collection of related Web pages
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Software
A software program is a series of instructions
that tells the computer what to do
User Interface
Allows you to interact with the software
There are two types of interfaces
Command line
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Allows you to interact with the software using
graphics and icons
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Software
System Software
Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
There are two part to system software
Operating System (OS)
A set of programs that coordinates all activities
among computer hardware devices and allows users
to run application software
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Software
System Software
Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
There are two part to system softeare
Utility Programs
Allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a computer, its
devices or its programs
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Software
Application Software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
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Software
Programmer writes instructions to direct computer
to process data into information
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Computer Categories
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Types of Personal Computer
The desktop computer
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Types of Personal Computer
The notebook computer
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Types of Personal Computer
The Tablet PC
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Types of Mobile Devices
Handheld and PDA
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Types of Handheld Computer
Smart Phones
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Game Consoles
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Servers
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Mainframes
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Supercomputers
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Embedded Computers
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Information Systems
The elements of an information system are
People
Procedures
Data
Information
Software
Hardware