INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

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INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

• CHAPTER 1

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HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

• How did the two words industrial and
  engineering become combined to form the label
  industrial engineering?
• What is the relationship of industrial
  engineering to other engineering disciplines, to
  business administration, to the social sciences?
• To understand the role of industrial engineering
  (IE) in todays complex world, it is helpful to
  learn the historical developments that were
  involved in the progress of IE.
• Principles of early engineering were first taught
  in military academies and were concerned
  primarily with road and bridge construction and
  defenses.
• Interrelated advancements in the fields of
  physics and mathematics laid the groundwork for
  practical applications of mechanical principles.

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• The first significant application of electrical
  science was the development of the telegraph by
  Samuel Morse (1840).
• Thomas Edisons invention of the carbon lamp
  (1880) led to widespread use of electricity for
  lighting purposes.
• The science of chemistry is concerned with
  understanding the nature of matter and learning
  how to produce desirable changes in materials.
• Fuels were developed needed for the new internal
  combustion engines.
• Lubricants were needed for mechanical devices.
• Protective coatings were needed for houses, metal
  products, ships, and so forth.
• Five major engineering disciplines (civil,
  chemical, electrical, industrial, and mechanical)
  were the branches of engineering that came out
  prior to the 1st World War.
• Developments following 2nd World War led to other
  engineering disciplines, such as nuclear
  engineering, electronic engineering, aeronautical
  engineering, and even computer engineering.

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Chronology of Industrial Engineering

• Charles Babbage visited factories in England and
  the United States in the early 1800s and began a
  systematic recording of the details involved in
  many factory operations.
• He carefully measured the cost of performing each
  operation as well as the time per operation
  required to manufacture a pound of pins.
• Babbage presented this information in a table,
  and demonstrated that money could be saved by
  using women and children to perform the
  lower-skilled operations.
• The higher-skilled, higher-paid men need only
  perform those operations requiring the higher
  skill levels.

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• Frederick W. Taylor is done potential
  improvements to be gained through analyzing the
  work content (minimum amount of work required to
  accomplish the task) of a job and designing the
  job for maximum efficiency.
• Frank B. Gilbreth extended Taylors work
  considerably. Gilbreths primary contribution was
  the identification, analysis and measurement of
  fundamental motions involved in performing work.
• Henry L. Gantt, developed the Gantt chart. The
  Gantt is a systematic graphical procedure for
  pre-planning and scheduling work activities,
  reviewing progress, and updating the schedule.
• During the 1920s and 1930s much of fundamental
  work was done on
• economic aspects of managerial decisions,
• inventory problems,
• incentive plans,
• factory layout problems,
• material handling problems,
• principles of organization.

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Definition of Industrial Engineering

• The formal definition of industrial engineering
  has been adopted by the Institute of Industrial
  Engineers (IIE)
• Industrial Engineering is concerned with the
  design, improvement, and installation of
  integrated systems of people, materials,
  information, equipment and energy. It draws upon
  specialized knowledge and skill in the
  mathematical, physical, and social sciences
  together with the principles and methods of
  engineering analysis and design to specify,
  predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained
  from such system.
• Scope
• The degree of industrial engineering is evidenced
  by the wide range of such activities as research
  in biotechnology, development of new concepts of
  information processing, design of automated
  factories, and operation of incentive wage plans.

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• Diversity
• Industrial engineering is a diverse (various)
  discipline concerned with the design,
  improvement, installation, and management of
  integrated systems of people, materials, and
  equipment for all kinds of manufacturing and
  service operations.
• Industrial engineering is concerned with
  performance measures and standards, research of
  new products and product applications, ways to
  improve use of scarce (limited) resources and
  many other problem solving adventures.
• An Industrial Engineer may be employed in almost
  any type of industry, business or institution,
  from retail establishments to manufacturing
  plants to government offices to hospitals.
• Because their skills can be used in almost any
  type of organization, and also industrial
  engineers are usually distributed among
  industries than other engineers.
• For example, industrial engineers work in
  insurance companies, banks, hospitals, retail
  organizations, airlines, government agencies,
  consulting firms, transportation, construction,
  public utilities, social service, electronics,
  personnel, sales, facilities design,
  manufacturing, processing, and warehousing.

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• Efficiency
• Industrial engineers determine the most effective
  ways for an organization to use the basic factors
  of production - people, machines, materials, and
  energy. They are more concerned with people and
  methods of business organization than engineers
  in other specialties.
• To solve organizational, production, and related
  problems most efficiently, industrial engineers
  design data processing systems and apply
  mathematical analysis such as operations
  research.
• They also develop management control systems to
  help in financial planning and cost analysis,
  design production planning and control systems to
  coordinate activities and control product
  quality, and design or improve systems for the
  physical distribution of goods and services.
• Industrial engineers conduct surveys to find
  plant locations with the best combination of raw
  materials, and transportation.
• They also develop wage and salary administration
  systems and job evaluation programs.

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• Activities
• Install data processing, management information,
  wage incentive systems.
• Develop performance standards, job evaluation,
  and wage and salary programs.
• Research new products and product applications.
• Improve productivity through application of
  technology and human factors.
• Select operating processes and methods to do a
  task with proper tools and equipment
• Design facilities, management systems, operating
  procedures
• Improve planning and allocation of limited
  resources
• Enhance plant environment and quality of people's
  working life
• Evaluate reliability and quality performance
• Implement office systems, procedures, and
  policies
• Analyze complex business problems by operations
  research
• Conduct organization studies, plant location
  surveys, and system effectiveness studies
• Study potential markets for goods and services,
  raw material sources, labor supply, energy
  resources, financing, and taxes.

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• The evolution of the industrial and systems
  engineering profession has been affected
  significantly by a number of related
  developments.
• Impact of Operations Research
• The development of industrial engineering has
  been greatly influenced by the impact of an
  analysis approach called operations research.
• This approach originated in England and the
  United States during 2nd World War and was aimed
  at solving difficult war-related problems through
  the use of science, mathematics, behavioral
  science, probability theory, and statistics.
• Impact of Digital Computers
• Another development that had a significant impact
  on the IE profession is the digital computer.
  Digital computers permit the rapid and accurate
  handling of huge quantities of data, so
  permitting the IE to design systems for
  effectively managing and controlling large,
  complex operations.
• The digital computer also permits the IE to
  construct computer simulation models of
  manufacturing facilities in order to evaluate the
  effectiveness of alternative facility
  configurations.

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• Computer simulation is emerging most widely used
  IE technique. The development and widespread
  utilization of personal computers is having an
  exciting impact on the practice of industrial
  engineering.
• Emergence of Service Industries
• In the early days of the industrial engineering
  profession, IE practice was applied almost fully
  in manufacturing organizations. After the 2nd
  World War there was a growing awareness that the
  principles and techniques of IE were also
  applicable in non-manufacturing environments.
• Thousands of Industrial Engineers are employed by
  government organizations to increase efficiency,
  reduce paperwork, design computerized management
  control systems, implement project management
  techniques, monitor the quality and reliability
  of vendor-supplied purchases, and for many other
  functions.

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• Engineering Education and ABET Accreditation
• Engineering education has progressed through
  several stages of evolution. Prior to 2nd World
  War engineering education was concerned with the
  art and practice of engineering principles.
• Engineering students spent long hours learning to
  operate lathes, drill presses, molding machines,
  foundries, and so on.
• They learned to wind motors and to build radio
  sets. There was a considerable amount of
  hands-on experience involved in the educational
  process.
• The Accreditation Board for Engineering and
  Technology (ABET) is the official agency in the
  United States for examining and accrediting
  (approving) engineering curricula.
• The purpose of ABET accreditation is to assure
  the public and employers of engineering graduates
  that certain minimum standards have been met.

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• Professional Ethics
• The word ethics has several distinct meanings.
• Engineering ethics is the study of the moral
  values, issues, and decisions involved in
  engineering practice.
• Engineers are frequently involved in decisions
  that have a reflective (deep) effect on society.
• The design of particular devices almost always
  involves the safety of the user.
• The design and location of a factory affect the
  community and its citizens.
• The design of a management system greatly affects
  the individuals working for the organization
  their comfort, their sense of worth, their
  financial status, and so on.
• The engineering profession enjoys a very
  favorable status regarding its devotion to
  professional ethics.

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• What Is Morality?
• Engineering ethics studies moral values in
  engineering,
• What is morality?
• What are moral values?
• One suggestion given in dictionaries is that
  morality concerns right and wrong, good and bad,
  the rules that have to be followed.
• Morality is reasons centered in respect for other
  people as well as for ourselves, reasons that
  involve caring for their good as well as our own.
  
• Moral reasons, for instance, involve respecting
  people by being fair and just with them,
  respecting their rights, keeping promises,
  avoiding unnecessary attack, and avoiding
  cheating and dishonesty.

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• Illustrative Cases
• An inspector discovered faulty construction
  equipment and applied a violation tag, preventing
  its continued use. The inspectors supervisor, a
  construction manager, viewed the case as a minor
  violation of safety regulations and ordered the
  tag to be removed so the project would not be
  delayed. The inspector objected and was
  threatened with disciplinary action. The
  continued use of the equipment led to the death
  of a worker on a tunnel project.
• An electric utility company applied for a permit
  to operate a nuclear power plant. The licensing
  agency was interested in knowing what emergency
  measures had been established for human safety in
  case of reactor break down. The utility engineers
  described the alarm system and arrangements with
  local hospitals for treatment. They did not
  emphasize that these measures applied to plant
  personnel only and that they had no plans for the
  surrounding population. That is someone elses
  responsibility, but we dont know whose, they
  answered upon being questioned about this.

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• A chemical plant dumped wastes in a landfill.
  dangerous substances found their way into the
  underground water table. The plants engineers
  were aware of the situation but did not change
  the disposal method because their competitors did
  it the same cheap way, and no law explicitly
  forbade the practice. Plant supervisors told the
  engineers it was the responsibility of the local
  government to identify any problems.
• The ABC Company began selling its latest
  high-tech product before it had been fully
  checked out in beta tests that are, used on real
  applications by a group of knowledgeable users.
  It was not really ready for distribution, but
  clients were already tempted to this product by
  glossy advertising designed to win the market by
  being first to capture clients attention.
• These examples show how ethical problems arise
  most often when there are differences of judgment
  or expectations as to what constitutes the true
  state of affairs or a proper course of action.

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• Why Study Engineering Ethics?
• The briefest answer to why engineering ethics
  should be studied is that it is important both in
  preventing serious consequences of faulty ethical
  reasoning and in giving meaning to engineers
  activities.
• The direct aim is to increase the ability to deal
  effectively with moral complication in
  engineering.
• Engineering ethics is a branch of professional
  ethics, that is, the study of moral values and
  issues in the professions.
• Professional organizations have addressed the
  complication of moral issues in their fields by
  developing codes of ethics.
• Those codes have great importance as an
  expression of the professions collective
  commitment to ethics.

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• ENGINEERING CODES OF ETHICS
• The Canon (standard) of Ethics provided by the
  Accreditation Board for Engineering and
  Technology (ABET). 
• THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 
• Engineers support and advance the truth, honor
  and dignity of the engineering profession by 
• Using their knowledge and skill for the
  enhancement of human wellbeing
• Being honest and neutral, and serving with
  loyalty to the public, their employers and
  clients
• Striving to increase the competence and prestige
  (status) of the engineering profession
• Supporting the professional and technical
  societies of their disciplines. 

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Industrial Systems Engineering

• CHAPTER 2

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• Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE) Design
• Industrial and systems engineers (ISEs) design
  systems at two levels.
• The first level is called human activity systems
  and is concerned with the physical workplace at
  which human activity occurs.
• The second level is called management control
  systems and is concerned with procedures for
  planning, measuring, and controlling all
  activities within the organization.

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• Human Activity System
• The human activity system within an organization
  consists of the following elements that are
  designed by ISEs
• The manufacturing process itself (or the
  processing procedures of a service organization)
• Materials and all other resources utilized in the
  production process.
• Machines and equipment.
• Methods by which workers perform tasks.
• Layout of facilities and specification of
  material flow.
• Material handling equipment and procedures.
• Workplace design.
• Storage space size and location.
• Data recording procedures for management
  reporting.
• Procedures for maintenance and housekeeping.
• Safety procedures.

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• Management Control System
• The management control system of an organization
  consists of the following elements that are
  designed by ISEs
• Management planning system.
• Forecasting procedures.
• Budgeting and economic analyses.
• Wage and salary plans
• Incentive plans and other employee relations
  systems.
• Recruiting, training, and placement of employees.
• Materials requirement planning.
• Inventory control procedures.
• Production scheduling.
• Dispatching (sending out)
• Progress and status reporting.
• Corrective action procedures.
• Overall information system.
• Quality control system.
• Cost control and reduction
• Resource allocation.

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• Typical ISE Activities
• Different companies expect ISEs to perform
  different kinds of activities.
• Traditionally, IE functions have been
  concentrated at the operations level of a firm.
• Other firms, recognizing the broad-based skills
  of their Industrial Engineers have expanded their
  activities to include the design of management
  systems.
• In recent years, as the IE role has added a
  systems flavor. ISEs are expected to engage in
  activities at the corporate level.
• To gain an appreciation for the broad range of
  activities in which ISE might be engaged, a list
  of activities grouped according to the three
  categories namely
• Production operations,
• Management systems,
• Corporate services.

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• Production Operations
• A. Related to Product or Service
• 1. Analyze a proposed product or service.
• Determine whether it would be profitable, at
  various production volumes.
• Is it compatible (well-suited) with the existing
  product line?
• Assess the manufacturability of the design, as
  prepared by the engineering design department.
• Determine the best (most cost-effective) material
  utilization.
• 2. Constantly attempt to improve existing
  products or services.
• 3. Perform analyses relating to distribution of
  the product or delivery of the service.

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• B. Related to Process of manufacturing the
  product or producing the service
• Determine the best process and method of
  manufacture.
• Select equipment determine degree of automation,
  use of robots, and so on.
• Balance assembly lines.
• Determine the best material flow and material
  handling procedures and systems.
• C. Related to Facilities
• Determine the best layout of equipment.
• Determine the appropriate storage facilities for
  raw materials work in process, and finished
  goods inventory.
• Determine appropriate preventive maintenance
  systems and procedures.
• Provide for appropriate inspection and test
  facilities.
• Provide sufficient utilities for the operation.
• Provide for security and emergency services.

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• D. Related to Work Methods and Standards
• Perform work measurement studies establish time
  standards and update them as required.
• Perform methods of improvement studies.
• Perform value engineering analyses, eliminating
  cost and waste to the maximum level possible.
• E. Related to Production planning and control
• Forecast the level of activity. (How many units
  will be sold)?
• Analyze the capacity and resource constraints.
• Perform operations planning
• Perform inventory analysis
• Perform materials requirement planning (MRP)
• Perform operations scheduling
• Design the quality control system and inspection
  procedures.
• Design systems and procedures for shop floor
  control

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• Management Systems
• A. Related to Information Systems
• Determine management information requirements
• Identify the decisions that are made by managers
  at all levels specify timing of each decision.
• Determine the specific data/information needed
  for each decision.
• Identify the sources of each data element.
• Determine the preferred form of data.
• Design the data base to support the information
  system
• Specify input formats from data sources.
• Design the management reports that will be
  produced
• Perform data analyses, as required.
• Provide feedback to all levels of the
  organization.
• Develop and implement decision support systems.
• Analyze the requirements for data communications
  and computer networks.

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• B. Related to Financial and Cost Systems
• Design a budgeting system.
• Perform a variety of engineering economy studies.
• Design, implement, follow cost-reduction
  programs.
• Design procedures for systematically updating
  standard costs.
• Design systems for generating cost estimates for
  various purposes.
• Develop procedures for tracking and reporting
  cost data for management decision making.
• C. Related to Personnel
• Design procedures for employee testing,
  selection, and placement.
• Design training and education programs for
  personnel at all levels in the firm.
• Design and install job evaluation and wage
  incentive programs.
• Design effective labor relations programs and
  procedures.
• Apply the principles of ergonomics and human
  engineering to the design of jobs, workplaces,
  and the total work environment.
• Develop effective programs of job enhancement.
• Coordinate the activities of quality circle
  groups.
• Design, implement, and monitor effective safety
  programs.

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• Corporate Services
• A. Comprehensive Planning
• Design, implement, and monitor a multilevel
  planning system
• Specify mission of organization.
• Identify key results areas.
• Specify long-term goals.
• Determine short-term objectives.
• Assist corporate management in performing
  strategic planning.
• Assist corporate management in rationalizing the
  firms strategy in the international arena.
• Perform enterprise modeling
• Develop a high-level business model, in which
  the major data flows are mapped between the major
  corporate functions.
• Employ structured modeling methods to develop a
  hierarchical break down structure of the
  enterprise functions, sub-functions, and so on.
• Perform systems integration activities

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• Determine interdependencies between functions.
• Perform capacity analyses.
• Participate in decisions relative to plant
  expansion and new plant setting.
• Provide project management services
• Project definition and planning.
• Work breakdown structures.
• Network analysis.
• Project tracking and follow-up.
• Assist in implementing the concepts of total
  quality management through out the organization.
• Provide leadership in resource management
• Provide investigative services regarding
  utilization of energy, water, and other
  resources.
• Develop effective systems for the management of
  hazardous wastes, scrap, and other by-products.

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• The Three Levels of Enterprise Strategy
• Enterprise strategy can be formulated and
  implemented at three different levels
• Corporate level
• Business unit level
• Functional or departmental level
• At the corporate level, you are responsible for
  creating value through your businesses. You do so
  by managing your portfolio of businesses,
  ensuring that your businesses are successful over
  the long term, developing business units, and
  sometimes ensuring that each business is
  compatible with others in your portfolio.
• Products and services are developed by business
  units. The role of the corporation is to manage
  its business units, products and services so that
  each is competitive and so that each contributes
  to corporate purposes.

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• Corporate Level Strategy
• Corporate level strategy fundamentally is
  concerned with selection of businesses in which
  your company should compete and with development
  and coordination of that portfolio of businesses.
• Corporate level strategy is concerned with
• Reach defining the issues that are corporate
  responsibilities. These might include identifying
  the overall vision, mission, and goals of the
  corporation, the type of business your
  corporation should be involved, and the way in
  which businesses will be integrated and managed.
• Competitive Contact defining where in your
  corporation competition is to be localized.
• Managing Activities and Business
  Interrelationships corporate strategy seeks to
  develop synergies by sharing and coordinating
  staff and other resources across business units,
  investing financial resources across business
  units, and using business units to complement
  other corporate business activities.
• Management Practices corporations decide how
  business units are to be governed through direct
  corporate intervention (centralization) or
  through autonomous government (decentralization).

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• Business Unit Level Strategy
• A strategic business unit may be any profit
  center that can be planned independently from the
  other business units of your corporation. At the
  business unit level, the strategic issues are
  about both practical coordination of operating
  units and about developing and sustaining a
  competitive advantage for the products and
  services that are produced.
• Functional Level Strategy
• The functional level of your organization is the
  level of the operating divisions and departments.
  The strategic issues at the functional level are
  related to functional business processes and
  value chain. Functional level strategies in RD,
  operations, manufacturing, marketing, finance,
  and human resources involve the development and
  coordination of resources through which business
  unit level strategies can be executed effectively
  and efficiently.
• Functional units of your organization are
  involved in higher level strategies by providing
  input into the business unit level and corporate
  level strategy, such as providing information on
  customer feedback or on resource and capabilities
  on which the higher level strategies can be
  based. Once the higher level strategy or
  strategic intend is developed, the functional
  units translate them into discrete action plans
  that each department or division must accomplish
  for the strategy to succeed.

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• B. Policies and Procedures
• Perform studies relative to organizational
  analysis and design.
• Perform analyses of various functional groupings,
  recommend improvements to top management.
• Develop and maintain policy manuals.
• Develop and maintain current procedures relative
  to all management practices and systems.
• C. Performance Measurement
• Design meaningful performance measures for the
  key results areas of each organizational unit.
• Identify the critical success factors or
  measures of value for each unit.
• Develop methods and systems for analyzing
  operating data of all units and interpreting the
  results.
• Specify corrective action procedures.
• Design reports for all levels of management.

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• D. Analysis
• Analyze systems and construct models
• State explicitly the problem being studied.
• Determine the appropriate solution method. Apply
  fundamental solution methodologies.
• Recognize all assumptions pertaining to model and
  the solution method.
• Perform simulation studies as appropriate.
• Perform operations research studies as
  appropriate.
• Perform statistical analyses.
• Recognize the dynamic nature of the system being
  studied and include this feature in proposed
  solutions.
• Apply the concepts of artificial intelligence and
  expert systems, as appropriate.
• Conduct designed experiments on appropriate
  portions of the organization, in an attempt to
  continuously improve the overall performance of
  the organization.
• One person cannot possibly perform all of the
  previous activities for an organization. ISE
  education programs, however, are designed to
  provide the fundamental principles involved in
  many of these activities.

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Career Opportunities for Industrial Engineers

• Industrial engineers are the problem solvers in
  all organizations. Career opportunities for
  industrial engineering are limitless. A sample
  list of career opportunities for industrial
  engineers include
• Manufacturing regardless of the product
  manufactured, every manufacturing company needs
  Industrial Engineers to plan the facility,
  perform economic analyses, plan and control
  production, manage people, handle safety issues,
  improve quality, evaluate performance, etc.
• Health Services hospitals and clinics need
  Industrial Engineers to perform cost/benefit
  analyses, schedule work load, manage people,
  evaluate safety concerns, design and maintain
  facilities, etc.
• Transportation airlines, ground transportation,
  trucking, and warehousing companies need
  Industrial Engineers to design the best schedules
  and routes, perform economic analyses, manage
  crews, etc.
• Financial banks and other savings and lending
  institutions need Industrial Engineers to design
  financial plans, perform economic analyses, etc.
• Government local and federal governments need
  Industrial Engineers to design and enforce safety
  systems, environmental policies, plan for and
  operate in a number of organizations.
• Consulting Industrial Engineers may work as
  consultants to help design and analyze a variety
  of systems including information systems,
  manufacturing and service systems.

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Sample Industrial Engineering Courses

• Computer Assisted Drawing and Design
• Application of computer-assisted design
  technology to product design, feasibility study
  and production drawing.
• Product Modeling
• Life-cycle product data, geometry and form
  features, product information models and modeling
  techniques, product modeling systems, and product
  data standards.

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• Introduction to Industrial and Systems
  Engineering (ISE)
• Definition of Industrial and Systems Engineering
  (ISE) ISEs origins, role, functions and
  contributions of the ISE in industry.
  Professional development opportunities.
• Quality Control
• Modern concepts for managing the quality
  function of industry to maximize customer
  satisfaction at minimum quality cost. The
  economics of quality, process control,
  organization, quality improvement, and vendor
  quality.
• Engineering Economic Analysis
• Basic methods of engineering economic analysis
  including equivalence, value measurement,
  interest relationships and decision support
  theory and techniques as applied to capital
  projects.

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• Facilities Planning and Materials
• Application of methods and work measurement
  principles to the design of work stations.
  Integration of work stations with storage and
  material handling systems to optimize
  productivity.
• Manufacturing Processes
• Study of interrelationships among materials,
  design and processing and their impact on
  workplace design, productivity and process
  analysis.
• Introduction to Engineering Management
• Organization of engineering systems including
  production and service organizations. Inputs of
  human skills, capital, technology, and managerial
  activities to produce useful products and
  services.

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• Industrial Information Systems
• The integration of information flows and
  databases with the production planning and
  control systems into productive and manageable
  systems.
• Safety in Engineering
• Introduces occupational safety and health
  hazards associated with mechanical systems,
  materials handling, electrical systems, and
  chemical processes. Illustrates controls through
  engineering revision, safeguarding, and personal
  protective equipment. Emphasis placed on
  recognition, evaluation and control of
  occupational safety and health hazards.
• Human Factors Engineering
• Examination of the ways to fit jobs and objects
  better to the nature and capacity of the human
  being. Lectures will review mans performance
  capability, singly and in groups, in interacting
  with his work environment. Stresses the practical
  application of human factors principles.

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• Methods Engineering and Work Design
• The analysis, design, and maintenance of work
  methods. Study of time standards, including
  pre-determined time standards and statistical
  work sampling.
• Productivity Engineering and Management
• The improvement of productivity as a functional
  activity of the enterprise. Productivity
  definitions, models, analysis, measurement,
  methodologies, and reporting systems.
• Production Planning and Control
• Production systems, demand forecasting, capacity
  planning, master production planning, material
  requirements planning, shop floor control, and
  assembly line balancing.

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• Introduction to Technology Entrepreneurship
• An introduction to theories, concepts, and
  practices of entrepreneurship. Students will
  produce feasibility analyses, learn to develop
  and analyze new ventures, and be introduced to
  business plans.
• Co-op Work Experience Practical
• Co-op work experience under approved industrial
  supervision. Written report required at the
  conclusion of the work assignment.
• Systems Engineering Senior Project A design
  course that draws upon various components of the
  undergraduate curriculum. The project typically
  contains problem definition, analysis, evaluation
  and selection of alternatives. Real life
  applications are emphasized

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• Operations Research I
• Modeling principles with emphasis on linear
  programming and extensions. The simplex procedure
  and its application through computer software
  packages. The analysis and interpretation of
  results in decision-making.
• Simulation Models of Industrial Systems
• Simulation methodology, design of simulation
  experiments, implementation of simulation effort
  through computer software. Application to the
  solution of industrial and service system
  problems.
• Total Quality Management for Engineers
• Fundamentals of TQM and its historical
  development. Integration of QC and management
  tools, QFD, benchmarking, experimental design for
  scientific management.